When humans first started barter trading, value was based on a direct exchange of physical goods. This is verified by empirical objectivity (assuming no one is cheating).
Later values were denominated terms of animals, i.e. pigs, cattle, goats, etc.
Following from the above, values were denominated in physical objects, such as sea-shell, precious stone and others.
Subsequently values of things were denominated in metal coins, from copper, silver and then to gold.
Note these values are accepted objectively as universal with a group based on inter-subjective consensus.
US Dollar with Gold Standard
Thus using gold standard to represent one US Dollar means it is represented by a certain weight of gold. This is an objective standard which is based on the inter-subjective consensus (implied by Law) of all American citizens and anyone who possess that US dollar. It is objective because that US Dollar can be exchanged with the specified amount of gold from the US government.
In this case there are two elements of objectivity,
- An objective amount of gold
- An objective value for transaction purpose.
Whatever happen to the US government, one is guaranteed that one can exchange the Dollar for gold because the gold is kept in reserve for this purpose. When exchange for gold, one can convert or use the gold for other transactions.
The philosophical point here is;
The US Dollar is objective in transactional terms and objectively real in the physical sense, i.e. real in the sense that as it is backed by an actual amount of gold.
US Dollar without Gold Standard
Without a Gold standard, there is no physical objectivity to the US Dollar as in 1 above.
However there is still an element of objectivity of the transactional value as in 2 above.
This objectivity, i.e. recognized in a way independently is based on intersubjective consensus and has no corresponding physical objectivity other than trust.
In this case, if the US government ever go bankrupt or suffer economic calamities, a holder of the US Dollar cannot exchange it for gold.
The philosophical point here is;
Without the gold standard, the US Dollar is not objectively real in the physical sense.
It is only objective in the transactional sense and this is based on trust. Once the trust is gone, it vanishes into thin air.
Without actual physical representation, the objectivity of the US Dollar is based on intersubjective consensus, because everyone who use it believe and agreed on its paper worth.
If there is no inter-subjective consensus amongst users and objectivity, then the US Dollar cannot be used at all.
Conclusion;
The US Dollar is not real in the physical sense as it is not represent by any real thing, gold in this case.
The US Dollar is objective amongst users but that is only based on intersubjective consensus based on trust and nothing else.