In this context, “God” refers to the cause of the existence of the universe, often referred to as the “First Cause”.
Proposed proofs by Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle have been presumptuous in their premises and thus not incontrovertible proofs. A proof that is not logically incontrovertible, is not a proof.
The following is my version.
Abstract argument;
- Absolute infinity cannot exist
- Absolute zero cannot exist
- Absolute nothingness cannot exist
- Existence is the lack of absolute nothingness
- Therefore, existence must exist.
What has been called the “First Cause” (meaning the first logical step for the existence of causation) and Aristotle’s definition of “God”, is formed merely from the lack of logical alternatives.
Absolute infinity cannot exist simply because no matter how great a measure is, more can be added. No matter to what degree an infinite measure is, a greater degree can be formulated.
When it comes to substances with an infinite divisibility (such as energy), absolute zero cannot be achieved because absolute zero of such a quality is merely the inverse of absolute infinity. Since absolute infinity cannot exist, neither can its inverse, absolute zero.
If absolute zero of a qualitative substance cannot exist, then absolute nothingness cannot exist because absolute nothingness is the same as absolute zero qualitative substance.
If absolute nothingness cannot exist as a state, the only alternative is that a qualitative substance does exist as a state.
Therefore, the universe cannot not exist. - dictated by the presence of God (that “First Cause”).
The universe shall exist and there is nothing anyone can do to prevent it.
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There are many other concepts of God that are usually merely a list of characteristics and often anthropomorphic. But such characteristics are presumed extensions of the existence, not definitions of what constitutes a “God”.
A common modern day list of characteristics is the “Omni’s”;
- God must be omnipresent – The logic applies to literally all points throughout all space.
- God must be omniscient – The logic is inherent in all knowledge, regardless of belief.
- God must be omnipotent – The consequences of it cannot be removed or thwarted.
- God must be omni-benevolent – The logic supports the existence of all things (ie. everything that exists, exists for a reason" or “nothing is void of cause”)).
There are a great many other characteristics used to argue either for or against the existence of a God (mostly against), but they all boil down to mere semantic preferences, misinterpretation of prior declaration, and efforts to persuade void of logical foundation.
On the other hand, Quantum Physics and Relativity are provably false.