A theory is an abstract principle, the metaphysics.
A theory might say that masses attract each other. A hypothesis (a subset of theory) would then be to state that if one was to hang a small mass very close to a very large mass, the small mass would measurably move closer to the large mass. The experiment would be the actual exercise of testing the hypothesis that was based upon the theory.
The theory is falsifiable when an experiment can be arranged that would prove the theory false if it was indeed false. Some theories are so ambiguous and vague that no experiment could disprove the theory whether it was false or not. The Big Bang theory, for example, is not falsifiable through experiment and thus isn’t real science. The BB is actually merely conjecture.
- Theory
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis
And “falsifiable evidence” would be evidence that could be proven to be false evidence if it really was false, as opposed to proposed evidence that could not be verified in any way.