This thread has so many things going on, it’s hard to keep up.
At the outset, I’d say that ancient wars were fought for territorial expansion–lebensraum, if you will. That segued into tribute and taking of slaves. In Medieval Europe, they were religious, ethnic, and territorial. In recent times–the last 2 centuries, for example, economies were added to the grist–as in the War Between the States–and ideological.
The Taliban is an off-shoot, or sect, of the earlier Mujahideen in Afghanistan, who were supported by both the US and Saudi Arabia to the tune of millions of dollars in both military direct aid and covert aid in order to expel the USSR. Once the USSR left Afghanistan, the US stopped its aid and the Mujahideen formed the Northern Alliance. This alliance, in turn, broke into a civil war in which the Taliban rose to dominance and began ruling Afghanistan under strict an repressive Sharia Islamic law. The Taliban ruled Afghanistan from 1996-2001, when the US led NATO coalition ousted them–supposedly while searching for bin Laden. Why did the US attack both Iraq and Afghanistan? Afghanistan is one of the poorest nations in the ME/CE region. It harbors a great deal of mineral wealth, but lacks the infrastructure and education to develop its wealth. Iran has oil reserves, but not enough to carry out a war for, imo.
Should another reason for war be considered–strategic positioning? I believe Iraq was attacked not because of Saddam, but because it borders both Iran and Saudi Arabia; Afghanistan borders Iran and Pakistan. Saudi Arabia holds the greatest oil reserves and threatened to accept the Euro as its petrodollar–the US couldn’t let that happen, nor could any of the countries who had US $ in reserve and not Euro $. Afghanistan and Pakistan have been fighting each other for decades, at least, if not before the two countries were separated by the arbitrary border drawn between them by the British.
Pakistan is nuclear, thanks to both the US and the USSR. It borders India, also nuclear, and has traditionally claimed the Kashmir region as its own. India borders China–also nuclear. With Pakistan and Afghanistan to the South and Iraq to the North, Iran is more or less surrounded. Victories in those countries would have given NATO a very strong strategic position against both Iran and Saudi Arabia. That it would also give allied countries a stronghold against Islamism–not the religion, which is Islam, but against the extremist Islamist sects.
All of this, imm, is the result of political and military strategy. So far, it hasn’t worked out as planned, and it may never achieve anything more than the Arab Spring–and who knows what the results of that will be.
If you take that all into account, is there a solution for world peace other than to forget borders and create regions inhabited by like-minded people? Or would that only result in more territorial, ideological, ethnic warfare? Idk.