From Fromm’s “Anatomy of Human Destructiveness”: ‘With the increasing production an division of labour, the formation of a large surplus, and the building of states with hierarchies and elites’, he wrote, ‘large-scale human destructiveness and cruelty came into existence and grew as civilization and the role of power grew’ (Fromm 1973: 435).
What were men doing before the increase of production and division of labor etc?
Cruelty, I say, is not an Effect of these conditions but the Cause of them.
As I remember most countries who operated at subsistence level (or thereabouts) were ruled by monarchies, which tended to use war and war alone as a means to expand and protect the state.
Every state in history has used violence as a means to protect itself or to destroy its perceived enemies. The notion of a utopia without violence is appealing but you have to wonder what happens when the Aliens land and zap up with their cattle prods.