The underpinnings of the idea ‘soul’ are found in a sort of rational intuition and curiosity. The real question an intelligence is pondering is this:
Why wouldn’t the universe be simpler if it was so old, and composed of simple elements and enerigies. And why wouldn’t a stability be reached where there was little to no activity at all.
This question is answered with the big-bang hypothesis. Now, we assume that the universe will reach such a point, but has only recently come into existence, and there is much time to pass before it happens.
The the question changes to:
Well, why the universe at all, then.
Either of the two routes brings intelligence to a kind of teleological intuition, and the question, in its many forms, is only: “what and why is the animating force of the universe.”
This is an ontological and causal question. Two categories inferred by rationality. ‘Soul’ then represents “Being” and “Necessity” and determination- a “Will” to organization and endurance. Which is to say that we do not limit the definition of ‘soul’ to that which is intelligent, but now, rationally, we have reduced soul to systematic and dynamic repetitious patterns. It is the antithetical to the rule of entropy.
Either the only apparent purpose of the universe is to continue expanding, without the intention of collapsing, or it was designed teleologically to end, or, on a grander scale of things, pass on after its necessary contribution to a bigger pattern.
The ‘soul’ is not a question of what or who has it but instead it is really an awe-struck fascination with the fact that there IS the universe.
The anthropological position is that the Mind was a necessary and determined feature of the universe, or else the question couldn’t be asked.
I see at the offset not the quantity of life as something significant, but rather the operant conditions of it and how complex and repetitious it is in functioning. It is almost as if one could say that a particle is ‘alive’ and has a soul if it is either composed of, or composing itself, some kind of enduring influence on something else. I imagine that eventually the universe will reach a constant temperature and freeze, only to be sucked into and end-less cosmic junkyard of black-holes, what was once an enthusiastic party of elements and momentums and wave lengths and stuff.
But the soul has gotta be the motion in the lotion.
Four-hundred years is but a minute of development for the Zeitgeist. The world spirit is one organism using the substance of the universe to manifest itself so to watch 700 club episodes and eat beef jerky.
Look for the dynamics and the long term materialistic features of economic progress and the individual health of all people, if you want to measure the amplification of the ‘soul’ in a species’ entire social setting; its power and creativity in forever expanding contexts.
When the music starts sucking and people become fat, the first signs of decline are present and one should jump ship, climb the mountain, and take residence with Zarathustra, and Yoda, if they are splitting the rent.
Schopenhauer once arranged a dialogue between the World Spirit and a Human Being. After a few exchanges, the World Spirit had the Human Being convinced that the point of the world was to not want it, and that was the great lesson.
The birthings of nihilism, dualism, and the great cosmic ‘tilt.’ Man became suspicious and his ‘soul.’
He took on too much weight. He became serious. He invented laughter. He worried over death. He expected too much. He didn’t expect enough. It was all wrong for several centuries- the world was only a pit-stop of some sort which was to be transcended if anything.
But what else could there possibly be!?
Okay, you’re a spirit. There you are in the spirit lounge, like Beetle-Juice with your ticket, waiting to either be evaluated of given an assignment, or “life-package” where you are invited to live a life somewhere for some reason you find agreeable…for a low low price.
You’re chillin’ there in the lobby with the others talking about how cool the universe is and what life is like. You’re number gets called, and you get the package deal. Again you are born and again you join a philosophy forum and make posts like this.
“The God’s were bored, so they created man.”- Kierkegaard.
Ironically that is a relief. Why? Because it is opiatic (that’s one of my new words) of that seriousness which seized the Romantic movement into secret nihilism.
Even immortality gets mundane and usual, so death is no great loss.