I recently gave a speech on how Einstein’s theory of relativity was disproved by an experiment peformed by physicist Alain Aspect of France. Basically, the experiment showed two photons “communicating” with each other instantaneously, i.e., faster than the speed of light. This experiment has henceforth been repeated several times by other physicists. There is one way that Einstein could still be correct, and that is if absolute determinism were true; the reason photons “know” what eachother will do before even light could reach them, is because it is already “known” by the universe what will happen. Aspect’s experiment and quantum nonlocality does not prove that “signals” travel “faster than light.” Rather, it shows that at a deep level of reality the speed of light as a limiting factor is irrelevant because phenomena are instantaneously connected regardless of distance.
Another physicist named David Bohm developed, along with the help of a neuroscientist named Karl Pribam, a different theory as to why this occurs, and it is referred to as the Holographic Paradigm. I have an interesting article about it which I could post for you if you’re interested. I wish I could post the Aspect experiment articles, however they were from Nature magazine and several scientific journals. I’m sure if you do a Google search for Alain Aspect, you would be able to find some information about the experiment.
I’m not familiar with the concepts of your last question, so I can’t relly help you there. Hope I’ve helped.