That’s a little circular, isn’t it?
A good way to understand people or at least be in a position to evaluate them is to examine their effects, if you will, their “work” in the world and their capacity to produce it. Nonetheless there can be no racial discriminations unless one race can be proven better than another; this matter is troublesome and can lead to, or from rather, biased science, I guess you might call it.
What we can do however is examine humankind culturally and maybe determine what cultural aspects of a people are “negative” and which are “positive.” The standard, of course, is up for debate, but I’d say that if it doesn’t start with one’s “work,” then it will certainly end there, no matter how you approach it.
I do not believe ethics can be understood outside of the economic conditions in the society which produces those moral people. This lets me judge a culture, or class, outside of its historical/linguistic circumstances; there are no such things as metaphors which do not discriminate against another, so value is not a matter of ethics, but economics. With this I’m saying, for instance, that you cannot describe “good” people without employing a metaphysical allegory of metaphor-- he is loving, trustworthy, loyal, etc., etc.-- but you can say that person X plowed three acres of field in one hour, ate six burritos, produced Y amount of waste, so on and so forth.
My problem with philosophy, or greekish-speakish, is that it often fails to remain the difference between atomic fact and evaluations. The former is not a matter of subjectivity, the latter most certainly is. I think Frank Zappa is the greatest composer of the twentieth century, and you I would wager do not.
“It is not things, but opinions about things that have so far deranged mankind!”
Something along those lines, spoke one Friedrich Nietzsche.