If the last man is the goal of humanity, then we may indeed speak of “humanity”, and ask what ails it.
The Straussian Francis Fukuyama, in his essay “The End of History?”, writes:
“What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government.”
It is no wonder that the book in which he expanded on his essay is titled “The End of History and the Last Man”.
How Nietzsche’s last man follows from the “end of history” is implied in Nietzsche’s essay “The Greek State”:
“If I [therefore] designate as a dangerous and characteristic sign of the present political situation the application of revolutionary thought in the service of a selfish State-less money-aristocracy, if at the same time I conceive of the enormous dissemination of liberal optimism as the result of modern financial affairs fallen into strange hands, and if I imagine all evils of social conditions together with the necessary decay of the arts to have either germinated from that root or grown together with it, one will have to pardon my occasionally chanting a Paean on war.”
The reason why I did not reply, at first, and only with a quote, at second, Impious, is that I didn’t really understand your answer: faith in the last man? Should I see the word “faith” in the light of the phrase “liberal optimism” above? Don’t you rather mean the will to the last man?
“[F]rom dread the opposite type was willed, bred, and attained: the domestic animal, the herd animal, the sick human animal—the Christian…”
[Nietzsche, AC 3.]
But some notes in Nietzsche’s Nachlass indicate that the last man and the Overman should live side by side (though separated as much as possible), and that the same conditions that stimulate the development of the herd animal stimulate the development of the leader animal. That is, liberal democracy will necessarily breed Overmen, even though inadvertently - men who, like Fukuyama, will deplore the “end of history” and its consequent “evils of social conditions” and “necessary decay of the arts”:
“Fukuyama is no liberal optimist: instead he is a pessimist influenced by Nietzsche (especially Nietzsche as interpreted by Leo Strauss) who sees the end of history as being ultimately a sad and emotionally unsatisfying era, as reflected in Nietzsche’s concept of the Last Man.”
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_End_of … e_Last_Man