They believed they were the Chosen People, selected by God and thus superior to other races and meant to be kept pure. But they were not superior due to anything within themselves, their race or blood, but because of God’s favor. The danger was more due to a fear of cultural impurity than genetic impurity. Nehemiah was concerned because he saw the fall of Solomon as tied with the foreign practices brought to him by his foreign wives.
Germans differ from this because although they considered their superiority as a consequence of their superior culture, their culture was, in their opinion, racially detrmined. But the commandment to impose the rule of the racially strong, the betters, over the racially weak and worse is perceived as dictated to them by the Eternal Will that rules the universe…a spiritual synonim to the God of the judeo-christian tradition. Thus God makes a cameo on both world views.
Both rejected that humanity is equal- that one people is as profane as the other or as sacred as the other. Each devised qualifications and then sanctified such qualifications as the will of God and differed in the method of delivery, for in the hebrew view this superiority was generated by revelation- God’s intervention in historical events, while for the germans their superiority was caused by God through genetic…manipulation…one might even say that like Christianity, they believed in that Law that God would one day place in the hearts of men. They did not need God to reveal to them that they were special but were born special. This also ties to the theology of Luther, who magnified the determination of the people, so that one was either born, predestined to be a christian or one was not. No choice in the matter.
I think that in both cases what one finds is arbitrary pursuits of power and also an escape, if not from freedom, then from chance. Both can be random and unpredictable and what humanity desires is order and predictability.Tribalism was one of these strategems. By tying their social identity to a Divine Will, obviously omnipotent, the social group was therefore also free from all limitations in pursuit of it’s particular desires. It had permission from the highest authority to do as it will and what it did was somehow tied to the good work of the Absolute Will, the Will of God, Creator of All that IS but on the side of this one people. God created all things but not all things are equal and God choses from the best.