I am going to list, on this thread, elements of deductive logic, all of which are entirely uncontroversial, until I find one that someone will argue with.
The statements, or propositions, in a deductive argument are either true or false.
Okay, realun. I was hoping to get a direct response to my OP, but a conversation is a conversation. Please give them one at a time, though. I’m not very smart.
I think that the statements or propositions in a deductive argument are always true and always false according to the seperate doxastic viewpoints of any two individuals.
Don’t hurt me Faust. I’m just a)testing the waters, and b)trying to give you what you want.
gib - That’s actually an interesting one. It could be interpreted as false, but also as gibberish, which is neither true nor false, but also isn’t a proposition.
Russell, who I admire, would call this sentence nonsense, and therefore not capable of making any claim at all. And I would be happy enough to go along with him. But I can also read it as false.
It is either not a proposition at all, then, or it is false. I’m not sure what difference it makes.
Faust, I suggest you read Quine’s two dogmas of Empiricism. I haven’t studied really studied it, just read it for a class, but he attempts to get rid of the analytic v. synthetic distinction by claiming that sentences that are supposedly true by virtue of there meaning alone are reviseable. For example “all unmarried men are bachelors” is not necessary truth because it assumes synonomy, but synonomy is context dependent and never rigorous. I couldn’t explain it to you if I tried, but I get the sense that it is important, and it has direct implications for logic.
Nihilistic - Interesting article. Quine is after bigger fish than I am discussing here, but there is some connection between his paper and this thread in that there is a difference between a sentence and the proposition that it contains, and it can be very difficult to ascertain that proposition. I disagree with some of his points, but Russell, for instance, has “solved” many a paradox by teasing out the proposition contained in a sentence as nicely as possible - or as nicely as necessary, and Quine is on board with that.
Synonyms aren’t always interchangeable - that’s not news. Quine reminds us that what we take for analytical truth may not be.
Is “All men are mortal” synthetic or analytical? I say it can be read either way. I’m not sure what Quine would say. What do you think?