Man and Machine

It seems to me that the allure and aesthetic captivation of/with flesh, the living human form, becomes more potent as machines become more and more sophisticated, refined. I imagine this has something to do with the severe contrast, with the novelty of new possibilities of ways we may perceive ourselves as interacting with technology, new possibilities opening up for what it means and could mean to be human. Is the “human element” edified and glorified to new heights as technology, the “non human element” continues to progress in development of scope, sophistication, beauty, power? Yes, I believe it is.

What it means to be human is situated within a new and ever-changing framework of meaning/s. As this frame continues to outstrip the capabilities of the old systems and paradigms to encompass it, the human interposed therein gains new clarity and meaning, a new centrality of sorts, attains an entirely new status of difference - a radically new identity emerges.

What it means to be human now alongside technology and artificiality is not the same as what it meant to be human before the arrival of these. This new stage of meaning is vast, largely yet unexhausted, supremely beautiful and also darkly terrifying.

The question of how man will change alongside his technology is accompanied by the more essential question: how will what it means to be human - to be flesh, organism, a mortally fragile and unquantifiably spiritual singularity of conscience - change in the face of the continued developing of the most sufficiently oppositional juxtaposition, technos, to this very human? Technology is supremely malleable, predictable, constructable, controllable, a supreme means to ends - in contrast the qualities which compose the human that are the antitheses of these technological characteristics become increasingly unconcealed in their own essential difference and meaning.

I apologize for the forthcoming post as it will be predominated with questions. In short, I feel the line between man and machine is on the verge of becoming blurred past differentiation…and that such an eventuality is not only imminent but perhaps even fortuitous.

But…is man not a machine, already? As we speak, is your heart not pumping oxygenated blood through your vascular system, your lungs expanding and contracting like bellows? Do we not have nano machines built from protein…organic? Our technologies are already breaching the realm of organic computing…we’ve already had a man pioneering cyborg potentials with a 100 electrode array implanted, interfacing directly with his CNS [See Kevin Warwick, Project Cyborg].

The bottom line is that man IS a machine. Our bodies are mechanical, from our pneumatic digestive system to our advanced, multi-function respiratory system…organic or not is really of no matter…and less so in the coming age.

Which is where Descartes, La Mettrie and, perhaps just as if not more importantly, Ghost in the Shell come in. Get past the animation and you find what the show is, more than anything, is an in depth exploration of the pros and cons of cybernetic advancement and what it means to be human when only your brain remains organic…and even it is not entirely so.

Is it [what makes one human] a soul? Even La Mettrie, champion of materialism, finds it difficult to get through his “Man A Machine” without speaking to the affirmative as regards a soul. But what in essence is a soul and how do we classify it? Are we just an organic computer capable of passing the Turing test? If Kurzweil is right, (he has an outstanding track record thus far, though some mistakes are apparent) we could have true AI (capable of passing the Turing test) as early as 2020, around the time he predicts a personal computer to boast equivalent raw power to the human brain. At what point is it simply “intelligence” without the “artificial” tag?

Is it then empathy? But if it is, then is a sociopath not human? La Mettrie disregarded sociopaths, the Helen Keller’s, the paralytics as lower beasts, not truly human. I don’t agree, but what can we say is human? We can feel pain, emotional or otherwise (I shy from physical as a description…emotional pain is physically rendered) but is that more than a program, a warning light? “Cease and desist to avoid damaging a function, organ, or other part of the mind or body.”

More importantly, do we want to keep ourselves independent from mechanistic enhancement? The work Kevin Warwick has done blazess the trail for future prosthetics capable of being controlled in the same way you or I manipulate our various limbs…if a man with both legs amputated above the knees has the technology to run again, should we deny him it simply to segregate ourselves from “machines”? If we can be more intelligent, access the web wirelessly via electrodes in our own brain, be able to sync emotional responses, experiences, knowledge, is that something we should avoid? Ghost in the Shell among others proposes integrated AI, cyberization, et cetera as an evolutionary step. I tend to agree. To think of an immune system augmented with nano machines…

If to be man is to err, to be fragile, to break…is being man truly so great? Is what we have something beyond upgrade?

I cannot possibly cover all my views on this matter in a single post…I debate myself on some of these matters. Think of this one as a sort of bullet point first meeting…nothing like a detailed, thought out thesis…abstract, frenzied, schizophrenic…

Yes those are all interesting considerations to be addressed. What I am focusing on in this topic, however, is the “human element” itself, regardless of eventual or inevitable mergings with technology, or how these might take place (or are already taking place). What interests me here is that this human element is a “flesh, organism, a mortally fragile and unquantifiably spiritual singularity of conscience”. Regardless of how we might argue “the soul”, how we might argue that cyborgism is or will be changing man, this human element, in itself, whatever you wish to call it, is the subject of my enquiry here. More specifically, the aesthetics of this element.

Unfortunately there just aren’t convenient easy concepts to employ here when we speak of “the human element”, we need to create our own meaning and, also unfortunately, use words already available to us. Language has not yet sufficiently evolved to keep pace with the forward momentum development of the “frame” of meaning in which we are, as humans, situated and from which we emerge. This frame now involves large degrees of complex technology and new possibilities for how the human is contrasted, in its “essence”, against this technological backdrop.

So: it seems to me that man, as man, regardless of other considerations like cyborgism or AI or biosynthesis, possesses certain distinct characteristics which separate him out, are separated out, from the technological world around him. Man to a large extent emerges from this technos, its own essence conditions man in large(ly yet unknown) ways, but there still exists this “essentially human” which I choose to identify in line with its aesthetics: it is mortal, fragile, unquantifiable, “infinitely” discursive yet also singular, “spiritual”, possessing qualities that present as “ethical” and “beautiful”. These stand in stark contrast to technology, to both the essence of this technology and the productions of technology. I think that the human element is distinct from the technological element, inherently so, but not absolutely so - there is large and increasing overlap, one gets lost within the other, one may not be differentiated from the other within an increasingly large number of situations. And yet… they remain distinct. This problem of overlap, merger, the things which techno-futurists or cyborgists or AI researchers adore and are fascinated with, is a very real phenomenon, yet it does not exhaust the space in which the human and the technological meet, nor certainly does it exhaust (although it might claim to) the exteriorities which lie outside of this domain of cross-referentiality.

What we have is the undeniable modern issue of the role of man in technology, the role of technology in man, the co-occurring mutual emergence and dependence that arises therein - but despite the praise that techno-futurists and others have for this developing new domain and all its implications, as this domain becomes more developed it also casts both the more essentially human nature and the more essentially technological nature, in themselves, in shadow, conceals them. How is this? It is because the human element and all the “characteristics” with which we might associate it are, where they emerge predominately from within this singularly human frame, remain unseen and unseeable where we are looking only through a lens that is already everywhere human-technological. The same goes for the nature of technology itself, it also remains unseen and unseeable where we only look from a perspective that is already synthesizes with both the human and the technological.

My concern here is to try and unconceal these more essential human and technological natures, and NOT to work through the seemignly endless (yet also interesting in their own right) machinations of possibilities and implications related to the merging of man and machine. Where this merger does fall within my purview here I am only concerned with how this contextual frame of meaning becomes the backdrop against which the human is juxtaposed, and what sort of aesthetics emerge from this juxtapositioning. Perhaps what it means to be human can no longer be adequately conceived outside of considerations of the technological, but this does not undo the critical need to seek out this human essence, as well as the technological essence, where they present more in their “ownness” and most sufficient nature and quality. I think this sort of considerations is further cloaked the more we lose the ability to see technology in itself, or see the human in itself. The reality of the disappearing “in itself” of these entities is not denied, rather it is seen as very real and also a very real problem for the possibility of accurately and intricately explicating of these entities. Certainly a good understanding and mapping of these beings “in themselves”, absent the other, at least sufficiently so, would also be a prerequisite for trying to best understand and map the terrain where these beings come together and merge into each other.

It also goes without saying that yes, certainly man is “a machine”. Yet man is a sort of machine that is very different from the machines that have emerged from technos. It is this difference that I feel is important here. I consider the observation that man is a machine, an organic machine/s, obvious and uninteresting, at least in the context of this topic where the aesthetics of the human against the backdrop of the technological is being considered.

Original poster…

You stated your concern is to unconceal the more essential natures of humanity.

This is very controversial.

This appears to assume an immutable human nature or a certain innatism whereby humans are eternally the same in some internal sense.

Chomsky’s deep structures would be such an innatism.

However juxtapose this with Nietzschean genealogy and Foucault’s technologies of the self, death of the author, and the subject throughout history, and you have another axis of contemplation which seems to set off in another direction.

Truth is knowledge/power negotiated and legitimated through discursive fields at various stages of evolution/devolution.

Identity is then subjugated to discourse.

Of course there is a certain sense of human transcendence but this is always in a state of becoming.

In a postmodern hyperspace of hyperreality handed through by the cultural logic of late capitalism albeit reflexive and self aware human ‘essence’ is inseperable from the machine.

The subject is involved in infinite micro and macro-relations of power both real and more ‘imaginary’ and is perpetually becoming through technologies of the machine.

Cyberspace is a technology of the machine developed by (wo)man. It is inseperable from this conscious becoming of humanity. It is the conscious becoming of humanity.

The human will diverge. Because there will always be people who will be opposed to cybernetics, there will remain humans, as such (evolution of which will still be governed by their environment - more or less passive evolution). Those who actively embrace it will eventually become (/evolve into?) something else. Then, the question may be posed as to who will outlast the other.

Is it me or is man a machine?

As I’ve already written here:

It also goes without saying that yes, certainly man is “a machine”. Yet man is a sort of machine that is very different from the machines that have emerged from technos. It is this difference that I feel is important here. I consider the observation that man is a machine, an organic machine/s, obvious and uninteresting, at least in the context of this topic where the aesthetics of the human against the backdrop of the technological is being considered.

In part, this is necessary to my end here. My greater concern is to understand the aesthetics of the human contrasted against the growing human-technological background.

It is controversial if you interpret my meaning here as arguing for immutability or “innatism”, which I am not, in fact, arguing for. The space I am focusing on here does not necessarily imply such immutability/innatism. Imagine the least sufficiency of these, the most necessity of their conceptual other, and we can set off from there. I would prefer we stick to this space for the discussion here.

It still provides the juxtaposition of the relatively technologically-free humanity with the increasingly technological-humanity. Specifically the aesthetics here are what interest me - beauty, emotions, meaning and value. How are our experiences of these human qualities changing with our changing technological frame/s? To me it seems like there is an increase in the potency of these aesthetics that occurs in line with the increase in scope and subtlety of technological development - most significantly so where this increase in aesthetic potency emerges from the most technolgically-emancipated humanity, the most “far removed”, if you will (but also the most present, I would argue).

Inseparable from, at times, yes, but not identical with. This distinction is the axis around which this enquiry turns.

Regardless of whatever state of becoming the human transcendental element might be framed in, recognition of this state and the various modes within it is in part my goal here. If we can recognize the existence of this “inner space” then we can move away from positions of analyzing that do not move from the implications which stem from this space and its interactions.

Absolutely, yes.

Is technology developed by man, or is man developed by technology? According to Heidegger, it is the latter. I contend that we best analyze where we take both movements into consideration. But this is secondary here - technology is one aspect of the developing-becoming human, it plays both a conditional as well as supplemental role. The geometry of how these roles play out is certainly interesting terrain to examine, but not my primary intent here. Delineate the outermost edges of this space from its innermost edges, its highest from its lowers velocities, if you find separation impossible. Contrast one against the other, then, and we begin to make possible the sort of aesthetic discussion which I have in mind here.

When you say cybernetics, does this include organic nano technology? Reason being, doesn’t one need to reproduce in order for evolution to occur? Nano technology presents the possibility of relative immortality, not to mention with such a technology available and in use, population control would be enforced with unimaginable tenacity (a relative absence of reproduction).

It took me a second read to grasp what you were getting at, though it seems I was not alone. :blush:
Before I go further, are we focusing on, for instance, the aesthetic of the human eye as opposed to a CMOS photo receptor and applicable lens (or the aesthetic of the human arm juxtaposed to the robotic one, for another example) and how these aesthetics enhance or degrade one another?

Oh, you beat me to it! I was going to propose that man was separated from the majority of animals by his technology and as such that the human element is technology itself.

No, this is not what I am focusing on. Although I understand the distinction I am aiming at is a subtle one. What I aim for is to see the human aesthetics as they are, without the technological, yet set against the backdrop of the technological/technological-human. Mostly this has to do with beauty, with the beauty of the human flesh and form, but also of the human capacity for value, meaning, emotion, innocence. Those qualities that remain distinctly human no matter how far technology continues to progress.

What is the character of these qualities, is our appreciation for them, or their very potency and potentiality themselves affected by the growing technological sphere against which they are set as foreground and exception?

Yes, but it is also more than this. Man has emerged from technology, not the other way around, is essentially the argument there. The basic advent of tools created man, created the conditions for the further evolution of the animal man into something beyong the “merely animal”. What we are NOW is a product OF technology, of the conditions which technology, tools, have layed out. If this is true then the essence of technology is over-determining the essence of the human. But my concern here is neither essence “in themselves”, rather the aesthetic qualities of the human (our beauty, our values, meanings in terms of emotions and innocence and artistic expression, novelty… and our potential for an expansion of these as sheer capacity) and how these may be given further increase in scope and potency given the increasingly technological background against which they find themselves situated.

Based on my conception of technology I find your project to be impossible.

Technologies are for me, amongst other things, Foucault’s technologies of the self, i.e. those technologies which human beings use to constitute themselves.

Your analysis is a technology therefore a technologically-free humanity cannot be uncovered by this method.

Language is a technology therefore a technologically-free aesthetic cannot be described.

As I already mentioned, focus on the leading most edge of technological progress contrasted with its most trailing edge. At this most trailing edge we encounter where man is still not yet fundamentally transformed by modern technological progress. Now, I have already acknowledged than man is already “technological”, in the sense that man is a machine; I have already acknowledged man emerged from technology, in the sense of tool making. I am identifying a difference between the general technological-tools conditionality, which has molded how and what man is, and the recent phenomenon of modern advanced technological progress, which includes computers, the internet, robotics, cybernetics. Language itself is a part of the former, but is also being changed by the latter.

If you are unwilling to consider the former in the absence of the latter (and why is this…?), simply consider the two as different poles of human development, and we can still delineate a space in which sufficient differences opens up wherein aesthetic considerations become relevant.

I can see where you want to go, but I can’t come with you.

I see no difference, no leading or trailing edges, no former or latter.

Sorry. I’m sure you’ll do just fine without me. Thanks for the stimulation.

Not a problem, I appreciate your participation here.