Do animal rights advocates have a case against free-range livestock and hunting?
Since few animals die of old age in the wild and since humans are evolved to eat meat, I think that animal rights advocates have a case against unwarranted (in a wealthy country, at least) cruelty to animals, but not against the raising of animals that are treated well and slaughtered humanely.
This rather glib statement takes at face value the meanings of “cruelty” and “humaneness”, but I think some sort of working definition can be had. But it will come close to this - that humane treatment of animals is something close to the standards we now use for “free-range” - which standards are exceeded by the taking of animals in the wild by many methods of hunting.
There are some problems even with this, of course - chickens, for instance, when left to their own devices, don’t treat each other “humanely” - which we might expect, since they are not humans and have no notion of human ethics. In addition, we cannot rightly adhere to the behavioral cues given to us by species themselves - do predators treat prey “humanely”? I cannot see how they do. And if they do, it is accidental - no one would suggest that predators have a code of ethics - as do some human hunters, for instance.
Why should humans be held to a higher standard than the animals they eat are? Conversely, why shoud humans be held to any ethical standard in their treatment of other humans, but not in their treatment of other species? One argument for this is reciprocity - we have standards by which we deal with each other as humans out of fear of reprisal, or out of the knowledge that if we treat others well, they are more likely to treat us well. If this is the justification for ethics, then ethics is simply the result of a social contract - a decision by the majority or by whoever is powerful enough to enforce ethical standards. But if morality is simpy a decision, then there is nothing preventing any standard of treatment of animals - nothing except human decisions.
In other words - politics. In a democracy, that means majority rule - theoretically, at least. Within a capitalist system, taken in isolation from political arangements, that means that the marketplace decides. But market economies are always regulated - so we have a mix.
Of the US outlawed factory farming - and also the ability of foreign countries to sell factory-farmed meat in the US, the playing field would be leveled for domestic producers - large agribusiness would be on a more equal footing with small operators than they are now. Meat would be more expensive. Would PETA still be a player? Or would the general public think that enough had been done to protect animals?
Why isn’t hunting (not baiting or trapping) seen as the most “humane” way to acquire meat?