On Certainty for the Philosopher

Picture this - that you are trekking through mountainous terrain, and that you know your goal, but are not sure how to reach it. This point counts - you have chosen the goal - this is not a forced march.

From time to time, you come to a promontory, from which you can see that you have made progress towards the goal, but from which you cannot have certainty about the next leg of the journey - of its efficacy in reaching your goal.

You are sure that you have made progress - this is a certainty. (Of course, you may not be sure every step of the way - I am omitting this, but not forgetting it - I am not excluding it.) You accept this as a certainty. Every means of verification available to you shows this. Even though you do not have that same certainty about the rest of the journey.

Certainty is not an absolute value, but it is no less “real” for that fact. A philosopher may be certain that he is on the right path, and that the point he occupies is instrumental to his ultimate goal - he may occupy a point of certainty without attaining ultimate certainty.

If he cannot ever stake this ground, some ground, he is merely wandering aimlessly. He might as well have stayed home.

He may see other trekkers along the way who are lost, who are merely wandering.

This is perspectivism.

Another metaphor.

When we philosophise, we may make the mistake of conceptually feezing objects (ideas about them, ideas themselves) in space/time. We may endeavor to make them stand still in an ever-changing universe, so that we may analyse them. But we may also make a series of conceptual snapshots, which we may, if the series is complete enough, re-animate. True, they are still a series of snapshots. Like a moving picture book. But these books only coherently animate if the series is complete.

We may also analyse objects of inquiry through different filters. These filters, we call knowledge - knowledge is not certainty, it is a toolbox, a method, a filter, in just the same way our senses are filters. Knowledge is not an opening into the world, but a screen from it. It alllows us to have a perspective. And we may be certain of what that perspective is, if we work hard enough at it. If we, say, analyse morality through the various filters of social, psychological, political, religious, historical knowledge, we get a picture that is closer to a hologram than a moving picture book. We do not simply watch an object travel through space/time, we conceptually orbit it as we watch.

This is perspectivism.

And this is why I reject epistemology, on perspectivist grounds. Knowledge is not a goal, but a tool pursuant to a goal. The goal is knowing our perspective.

Addendum - this post was inspired by my conversation with omar the other day (see Mundane Babble: Meeting Omar). We did more than socialise, it seems. Meeting forumfriends in RL has some benefits that I did not foresee.

Come again? Literal terms please, I do not understand one littly bit. Lemme see, are you trying to say that knowledge is an attempt to find out how close you are to your purpose? No comprendo senor.

this is very, very interesting post. I read it first and kind of set it aside for a while to let it sit and see where it went when it rattled around in my head for a few days. I’ll offer a comment within the metaphor of the story, and two outside of it…

  1. What if you just like to spend time outside in the mountains - ie, while you may have a loose goal “I’ll climb that mountain” if you don’t make it there is no real sense of failure, you enjoy the journey just for the sake of being outside?

  2. I agree with you in many ways that the goal is knowing our perspective. I think also that the general goal of knowledge, and of philosophy, needs to be expanded . Knowledge is great, wisdom is even better, if you use it for something. Wisdom in vitro is meaningless and sterile. How you contribute to the good of the world I think is the real measure of your philosophical achievement.Well living is the real sign of wisdom.

  3. We also have to be careful of our knowledge, that it is a filter, and that it is liable to be wrong. Knowledge is not absolute. You still run the risk of being just plain old incorrect.

Great post, I had to let it sit.

Cheers,
gemty

gemty - your scenario 1. is nihilism. Of one sort or another. Perhaps relativism, which is nihilism without courage.

zeus - It’s a metaphor. Sorry, but if I thought that putting it in literal terms was more effective, I would have. You could read every post I make, but that would take too long. Maybe I’ll repost it in literal terms. I am sure you will be able to live a rich, full life without it, tough.

nice exposition

the only thing is that I would call this “science” not “philosophise”…

and of course the series is never complete but “science” never admits that…

-Imp

Tks, Imp.

I do not disagree, but that philosophy often tries to be science - tries to impress us as science, and does use deductive logic - the scientific method.

Isn’t certainty in the proof of a correct deduction, and isn’t progress counted by the number of conclusions? And what could one possibly see in a distant valley that would qualify as a goal?

Hi faust. I love a good metaphor.

Why are you climbing the mountian? For the view? Then a form of knowledge (here sensual, in philosophy spiritual) is your end. May I resurrect the Thomist idea that knowledge is an end – it fulfills our nature.

As for perspectives, I know you can view the world under different “ratios”, from different perspectives, depending on your use. But I find seeing things as metaphysical (i.e. insofar as they are) gives the highest and more commanding perspective among them.

mrn

Father Sylvan’s description of perspective:

What is your goal, literally, in so many words?

What are some examples that you are certain are indicators of progress towards your goal?

it is very weird logic to me, everyone seems ok on that seeing it like the perfect truth that cannot even add a word congratulating themselves you did great, this is your goal man, it is obvious, it is weird logic to me, you want to proove that the goal is the journey in prooving how the journey is great, it is nonsense to me, what you need to proove that in what it is your goal, why you said i want this goal, no matter the certainty issue, what makes you feel rewarding to condition being reaching this what you said the knowledge of your perspective? i see it of another metaphor, a slave working in chains for hours and eternity thinking the most positive thought of him, without being courageous enough to say i want to be free, than he turn around on circles looking at his hands what he does and picturing the view of what he can get saying at least they allow me to see this, what pa perspective, i am not that slave, the master is right i deserve my condition to see that, what a view here just for the sake to see that view all my pains are correct, what stupid insistant devastating ways to allow the blindness to be of absolute in multiplying the forms of the end of thoughts, think is to say the truth and not to have a perspective my guy, think is a tool to be more and not to kill your soul

Hmmmm. Did I write this? Had quite forgotten.

Yada - certainty is a psychological state.

mrn - The metaphor for metaphysics is sitting on a mountaintop, not ambling about the hills. Perhaps I should have mentioned the bogs and swamps and valleys in between. Perspectivism isn’t about a perspective, it’s about many.

HB, it’s a metaphor. This board is polluted with my literal formulations. I cannot believe that they can be avoided, except with great care.

iman - What?

Maybe sitting on the mountain-top you can better see the bogs and swamps and valleys, and not get lost?
I’m not against perspectives: I propose there may be an order among them.

I have a different view. The swamps should be slogged through, and often must be. Incidentally, I (literally) like swamps and bogs. Lots of great birds in swamps.

And what would this order be? I agree already that some perspectives are more useful than others, depending on context. But an set order? Despite claims that the over-forty set lacks curiosity, I am intrigued.

faustest one,

Once again I must accept my fate of agreeing with you.

Actually very well done, and the metaphor, to me, exceeds, where literalism would have likely led to arguments.

Well struck. No additions or deletions.

Thanks, Mas. I was not specifically trying to avoid argument, I should say. Wouldn’t be like me. But I state my case quite literally all over the damned place. This was an attempt to reach a different formulation, which is a very perspectivist thing to do. I call myself a contextualist, which is a version of perspectivism, and believe that context means everything. These metaphorical treatments are meant to provide a perspectivist view in a slightly different context than is usual.

Besides, I thought it was kinda fun.

We know that we are of different cloth in the larger sense, but perspectivism is not something I take issue with … contextualism … still not a problem, but can be a bit dodgey dependent upon the exponentiation of language usage. All a matter of tastes, one might be predisposed to think.

Metaphor allows for broader calculated perspective endeavors, where literalism leads almost invariably to hardened stances. If not, we all agree here at ILP, and never a cross word shifted …

stay in metaphors queen giving the information truths of people who choose the death while they could be alive every day before they sleep

iman, did you just call me a queen? Will I never live down that one weekend in Key West? It was my first time drinking tequila. Damn that Jimmy Buffet.

Well, some philosophers distinguish superior sciences from inferior sciences. The superior science proves the principles used by the inferior science. For example, mathematics (geometry) proves principles used in optics. Eventually, first principles of other sciences are all found/debated in philosophy. And that’s what I mean by an order of sciences/perspectives.

(By the way, I like pine forests.)