Pleasure (happiness) and Pain (suffering)

Dunamis,

I am sorry but I do not understand your defenition at all…

“Well-being” is its preservation in accord with what can be called the “laws” of nature, acting in harmony."

What does it mean to act in accord to the “laws” of nature, and what are these laws? And what do you mean by acting in harmony?

EGO,

“but there are pleasures that we experience through more than just evolutinary products.”

Yes, any imaginable pleasure can be exlpained in terms of the associations I spoke of.

“If we somehow disabled the pleasure and pain receptors in your neurotransmitters could you still feel happiness or enjoyment or sadness. Would you still listen to music or read your favorite literature or still participate in philisophical debate?”

If we could do that, according to my theory, the person would just stop acting conciously. They may still have instictual responses, but there would no longer be a concious decision making process. There will be no way to determine the value of one experience over another, so the person would not have any method of choosing. Standing in a pit of flames will have exactly the same value as standing in a beautiful grove of exquisite fruits if there is no pleasure or pain to assign value to the experiences. So, no, the person would not listen to music or read, they would stand completely still (other than any instinctive, unconcious responses to their environment.)

“There are concious pleasures that go beyond our animalistic desires.”

Yes, and they can all be acounted for in terms of associations made between sensory experiences and pleasure gained from inntate, animalistic desires.

R.T.,

What does it mean to act in accord to the “laws” of nature, and what are these laws? And what do you mean by acting in harmony?

These “laws” are such as they are multiply conceived under the guidance of pain and pleasure, and the wisdom of understanding the direction of that guidance. Much as physical “laws” are simply humanizations of effects, so too are the natural laws and limits of human behavior - but social normatives do play a role in suggesting the nature of these laws on several levels.

Dunamis

Ignore me!

Im still completely lost… I dont mean to offend you, but I cant help but feel these defenitions are at least more ambiguous than anything I proposed. Then again I dont even realy understand the defenition, could this lend support for their ambiguity, or my stupidity? :confused:

“such as they are multiply conceived under the guidance of pain and pleasure, and the wisdom of understanding the direction of that guidance.”

Can you elaborate at all?

R.T.,

Never mind what I’m saying. All that I ask is that you ask yourself what is the purpose of pleasure and pain, both in its evolutionary and sociological creation, and to realize that the individual’s sense of the meaning of pleasure and pain is much more an amalgam of the purpose of pleasure as a biological organism and the purpose of pleasure as a member of society, than ever its is as an individual standard. If that doesn’t help, we should probably just move on.

Dunamis

Hmmm, I think I may be getting something, stay with me please, I know how much of a pain it can be to get someone to understand something, but I honestly dont think youde ever spew out words without meaning, and so I think theres something valuable in everything you say… And I really wana figure out what that is!

Now… You speak of “the purpose of pleasure and pain in its evolutionary creation.” Is this the same question as: “What role do pleasure and pain play in improving our survivability?”

You also speak of “the purpose of pleasure and pain in its sociological creation.” And this is where I think I get confused… I have a hard time imagining pleasure and pain as sociological creations. Can you call the concept of the sense of sight a sociological creation? And if so, what is the purpose of that creation? Because like ive said before, I consider pleasure/pain no diffirent than a sensory experience. Just like the eye sends information in reaction to light, so do some mechanisms send information when exposed to certain chemicals. And just as we interpret the info our eye sends as the image of the world, so do we interpret the information sent from the pleasure chemical as what can only be defined as a “Good Feeling.” An interpretation that warrents persual. A positive value assignment mechanism.

Imagine a chess game with AI. How does the computer choose one move over another? It does calculations and the program is built to have a value system assigned to diffirent scenarios. For instance, eating the enemy Queen has a point value of 75, while eating an enemy pawn only has a point value of 20. Those values are pre-programmed into the machine, and at the moment of choice, the computer does its calculations and obtains the point values for each possible move, than as is designed to do, picks the choice that yields the highest point value. And this I believe is exactly how the mechanism of pleasure/pain works. Its our pre-programmed value assignment tool.

So what would you say is the purpose of pleasure/pain as a sociological creation? This is where my difficulty lies I think.

[size=150]Russiantank[/size] – check this out, 'kay?

There’s a theory that the natives couldn’t see Columbus’ ships out at sea, approaching the coast. They just saw ripples of the sea, because they had never seen a ship before. So the sense of sight is not going to be the same for everyone – we would see the ship, they didn’t.

Sometimes pain and pleasure, our experience of it, is within an 'ethical/moral/value-laden (sp?)" … uh social context.

Sex, for example. In some social contexts, pleasure gets a negative label.

Contact sports, for example. In some social contexts, pain gets a positive label (sign of courage and bravery and what-not).

So, in other words, due to conflict-management (or whatever you particularly have in mind…) in social settings, pleasure does not always equal happiness, and pain does not always equal unhappiness.

I’m thinkin’ Dunamis’ wants to hear your take on the ‘why’ behind that. If Dunamis was wanting something else – sorry for speaking for you, Dunamis (I’m not really, just guessin’.)

R.T.,

I think “somenewname” gets to it better than me:

Sometimes pain and pleasure, our experience of it, is within an 'ethical/moral/value-laden (sp?)" … uh social context.

and in his analogy of the American Indian. Our experience of the world is both the product of our biological, genetically programmed evolutionary limits (taking that model as an assumption for a minute), and also our sociological web of beliefs which like it or not we have inherited and live through in our very use of language. But we do not use language, like a typewriter or a hammer, but our very conception of the world, our experience of it, comes through it and in its parcelings. Keep in mind that language, culture and all that that contains is a product of evolutionary development as well. So the individual in his or her experience of pain and pleasure - which act as a kind of guidance system - actually is operating between these, and within these limits, within language and culture, in the midst of biological structures. We like to imagine that the individual is somehow free and independent of all determinants, a freely conceiving and acting agent, but in fact pain and pleasure locate the individual within a fleshly and an ideational sphere, within which he/she is guided. Societal understandings and productions of pain and pleasure also act as evolved guidance systems. To say that pleasure is the reason why human’s act is simply not to see the role that pleasure takes within the larger apparatuses of meaning, and how those apparatuses actually form our viewing of the world.

Dunamis

Ok… Maybe im onto something… Just Maybe, keep it coming guys and thanks for sticking with it,

“the role that pleasure takes within the larger apparatuses of meaning, and how those apparatuses actually form our viewing of the world.”

The way I have understood this statements is exactly the way I view pleasure. I maybe understanding it wrong though… So let me ask a question to illustrate my point. I always go about asking why? Im always searching for a reason. Someone tells me they did action A to be a “good person,” and I ask them, and want to know the reason WHY being a “good person” is a goal worthy of acomplishment. The answer I eventually expect to hear is that they want to be a good person, which illustrates my point that its their desire that drives them to act. But then, here is the cunundrum, WHY act on your desires? Why try to obtain pleasure? The problem is, pleasure and pain, just like our 5 senses, are the tools used to evaluate the world. Pleasure and Pain DEFINE OUR DEFENITIONS. Or at least play a significant role in that process. Just like you said above. Pleasure and pain actually form our viewing of the world. I wholly agree! Which makes defining them extremely difficult if at all possible. Because they are our… uh… DEFINERS, so to say. Its like trying to define our definer, its like trying to logicly justify logic, its like trying to invent a hammer but requiring a hammer to build it. It is Godel’s incompleteness theorem at work in some ways. Is this maybe the gist of it?

But:

“To say that pleasure is the reason why human’s act is simply not to see the role that pleasure takes within the larger apparatuses of meaning”

I dont understand why you say this. If I understood the point that pleasure plays a part in forming our meaning correctly, I do not see how saying that pleasure is the reason we act somehow indicates that I dont see that point. When looking at pleasure in a purely biological sense, and looking at humans as complex machines, and looking at conciousness and the human experience as just a complex mechanism that facilitates survival, than I believe it can be said that it is pleasure and pain, as chemicals and the role they play in the mechanism of conciousness, that are the reason humans act. Just like the reason a Chess AI program chooses one move over another is the programing within it, so is our reason for choosing one action over another the evolutionarily placed programing within us. The question is, for the AI computer program, is there an awareness within its operations. This phenomena we call conciousness that some (maybe all) living organisms have, is that same phenomena present in the working of the AI program? IF IT WERE, Than I could imagine that the computer actually “FEELS GOOD” about eating the Queen, and “FEELS BAD” when its Queen is eaten. The Computer program that determines the value distinction between moves and acts on the highest valued move, I believe, is analogous to the mechanism that causes us to act. And so, as much as the programmed value of specific moves is the reason the AI chooses that move, so is pleasure the reason that we choose to act.

"Sex, for example. In some social contexts, pleasure gets a negative label.

Contact sports, for example. In some social contexts, pain gets a positive label (sign of courage and bravery and what-not).

So, in other words, due to conflict-management (or whatever you particularly have in mind…) in social settings, pleasure does not always equal happiness, and pain does not always equal unhappiness."

And this is a demonstration of the diffirence between the AI machine and us. We learn. We change. Through another mechanism, though I have no analogy for this one, for this may be the most complicated mechanism of them all. Through some process, that no doubt involves association, we can apply the pleasures initially borne in us to anything we can imagine. So by promoting some innately pleasurable circumstances, we can condition people to obtain pleasure or pain in what we want them to obtain pleasure or pain from. What do you think discipline is? My dad would hit me and say: “Dont Do That!” whatever that was… Is some cases, whatever “that” was, I now have an automatic negative response to “that.” This is behavioral conditioning, any psychologist will attest to the existence of this process. In this same way, people can be conditioned to actually obtain pain from having sex… If you beat a person everytime they have sex… I could imagine that person would after awhile automaticly respond negatively to the idea of sex. In the same way, if you give rewards to people when they endure some pain, and keep telling them that pain endurance is the mark of bravery and courage, and as you said, those things are assigned a positive label, than through association, enduring pain can actually become pleasurable. As a matter of fact this happens alot, including with my dad. He called me a girl and a pussy whenever I couldnt take a smacking, and he would always tell me that a real man can take pain, though not exactly in those words. And to this day I still feel proud (GOOD) whenever im in pain and I handle it well. And for this very reason, people play bloody knuckles. It all makes perfect sense if understood in terms of the mechanisms I suggest. At least so far…

If the question is WHY do these situations arrise, why would anyone teach that pleasure is painfull, and pain is pleasurable in some situations, than the answers are numerous and long-winded. Or at least the answers I could give. There could be plenty of theoretical reasons that would make perfect sense, which one is actually the case, I wouldnt know. Maybe someone would, but thats irrelivent. The fact is they CAN be explained by my theories on pleasure/pain and their involvement in our lives.

Any one confused?

Well, maybe think of pleasure and pain as “resources” we all compete for.

And think of what I mentioned earlier about pain being calculated as a worthy consequence for attaining a greater pleasure.

Think of what I said about loneliness feeling painful.

Put it in with your “difference engine” thang about the brain…

what do you come up with?

R.T.,

Because what from my point of view the question not being asked is, “When pleasure is happening something is being accomplished, what is that?” That accomplishment is the goal of human action, even though it follows the guidance of pain and pleasure. That accomplishment is achieved through our cultural understanding of ourselves, of what it is that is pleasurable and painful. Our experience of pleasure and pain is mediated through that understanding. For this reason we are able to willfully undergo pain so as to achieve a different kind of pleasure that otherwise attainable. You simply over simplify the word “pleasure” from my place of thinking, and do not look to what is achieved through the pleasure/pain distinction.

Dunamis

somenewname,

In some natural cases, pain may be calculated as a worthy pain for attaining a greater pleasure. The case im thinking about is excersise. You may find that you just physicly feel better from just getting in better shape. Forget about self-esteem and any other psychological issues. You just naturally feel better from being healthier, makes sense. And a maxim of exercise is you know that you have done a succesfull workout when you are hurting. So it makes sense in this case, and you can come to this conclusion with no social programing what-so-ever. Work out once, then realize 3 days later you feel much better than you did 3 days ago. So you naturally decide that working out is worth the initial pain for the pleasurefull health benefits. But in alot of cases, I think this need not be the case. Alot of the time, people are conditioned to believe what you believe. “No pain, no gain” is certainly a usefull tool for society. It gets much more stuff done, and in the long run, maybe all that stuff being done actually makes life much more pleasurable for everyone in the society. But no one actually considers it… Now adays, its just accepted as an absolute. “Hard work breeds success.” But thats not neccissarily true. And who knows… for some, sitting around smoking pot could be worth so much more than working your but off till you are 50 and only then retiring and concentrating on enjoying life. Again, though such an absolute can be seen as usefull, alot of people do not consider the consequentialist rationalization for it, and so are just blindly following like sheep. And they could possibly encounter a scenario in which following that maxim would not actually be the most profitable choice of action, but they are like robots, and would go about it anyways.

“Lonliness being painfull”

Could be natural, innate instinct involved, but I guarentee you for alot of people its just following social norms that they were programmed to believe. And im sure some people can be happy being alone.

Yes… take all these considerations and throw 'em in the difference engine.

It’s just one more thing to consider. If pursuing a certain (something initially experienced as) pleasure will bring the pain of loneliness (like cheating on one’s spouse) – perhaps the pleasure will be experienced as pain. Depending on which pleasure is greater – that of sex outside monogamous relationship – or that of remaining loyal to spouse… would you say the difference engine thing applies here?

Dunamis,

“You simply over simplify the word “pleasure” from my place of thinking”

No no no, at least I dont think so. My defenition of pleasure and pain totally involve this:

“That accomplishment is the goal of human action, even though it follows the guidance of pain and pleasure. That accomplishment is achieved through our cultural understanding of ourselves, of what it is that is pleasurable and painful. Our experience of pleasure and pain is mediated through that understanding. For this reason we are able to willfully undergo pain so as to achieve a different kind of pleasure that otherwise attainable.”

And how beautifully put. That above is EXACTLY my defenition of intellectual pleasure/pain. Like ive said, I split pleasure/pain into 2 sub-catagorys. Intellectuall, or mental, and physical, or natural. The physical and the natural are the simple ones that we are all born with. Sex, food, and bodily injury are what cause it. The intellectual side of it is exactly the above: The acomplishment of a goal achieved through our cultural understanding of ourselves. Or ofcourse the pain caused by the failing of these attempted goals.

“For this reason we are able to willfully undergo pain so as to achieve a different kind of pleasure that otherwise attainable.”

Exactly, you see the distinction as well then? This is the distinction between intellectual and physical pleasure/pain. They are diffirent, though both arrise through the guidance system that evolution placed within us.

One thing though, you say its the acomplishment thats the goal of human action, I say its the pleasure that is achieved from the acomplishment that is the goal. Because, if it were your way, then the goal of human action is so varried… Ones goal is to build a house, another is to win the super bowl, but involved in all the imaginable goals is the resultant pleasure. So wouldnt it be better said that this constant in all human beings is the goal to achieve? Also, then we can combine the two sub-catagorys and say that the whole of pleasure/pain are the goal. According to you, a sex addict’s goal in life is the feeling of acomplishment gained from achieving the goal of sex, a feeling borne out of his cultural understanding of something… I do not think this is the case, though it may be for some. Ide bet some people just LOVE the feeling of orgasm. I do not think anyone enjoys the acomplishment of the goal of masturbation. No, its not the acomplishment of the goal, its the resultant pleasure. I dont think alot of people take E to be able to say “HEY, I ACOMPLISHED THE GOAL OF TAKING E.” I think they do it for the euphoric state of pleasure they achieve. So I would say pleasure is better considered as the goal of human action…

somenewname,

Absoluteley, yes it does apply.

R.T.,

Exactly, you see the distinction as well then? This is the distinction between intellectual and physical pleasure/pain. They are diffirent, though both arrise through the guidance system that evolution placed within us.

So as I suggested before…it is not just pleasure that is the goal of human action, but a different kind of pleasure. The nature of the difference would for me qualify as the goal of human behavior.

Dunamis

Somenewname,

I am not sure as to the precise phrase I am supposed to google.

Dunamis… are you wanting Russiantank to flesh that out, and so are opposed to giving your take on it? If not opposed, are you hinting at something like Aristotle’s ‘contemplation’ (tying it back to the ‘selling philosophy’ thread)?

Ego sum… try ‘pleasure pain receptors consciousness’… (there may be more intelligent wording to use in place of ‘pleasure pain receptors’ – try neurotransmitters … also try ‘emotion’ in with the mix) if that doesn’t work, let me know, and I’ll put more effort into it. Please share if you come up with some interesting results.

Somen.,

Dunamis… are you wanting Russiantank to flesh that out, and so are opposed to giving your take on it? If not opposed, are you hinting at something like Aristotle’s ‘contemplation’

No, I leave R.T. with whatever options he wishes. I do not communicate well with him at times. We certainly can leave it at that. But as to what I am hinting, I am basically following Spinoza’s conception of the goal of all human behavior being self-preservation, and the act of preservation being a kind of perfecting which is a turn to an increase in power and activity. Spinoza’s conception stems from the Stoic position that the moderation of the passions, the heights of pleasure and pain, is that which leads to personal empowerment - that it is the equipoise of the mind that brings the greatest pleasure, a pleasure of another kind.

I’m sorry but I kind of tuned out on the “Selling philosophy” thread at whatever point Aristotle’s “contemplation” was mentioned. In what context was it mentioned and what meaning would you give to our basic discussion here?

Dunamis

ok on the first paragraph

It wasn’t mentioned directly. I can’t help this discussion at the present moment. I’ll come back eventually.