Is this ‘Last Man’ the superman? If not then he is but a means to the superman. It is for this reason that he ought to desire himself recreated into eternity. One should remember, however, that there is no end to becoming (besides death). One is always becoming something else, not least of all the superman.
Nietzsche is never concerned with impossible things that ‘ought’ to be. Nor does he desire of anyone that they understand things beyond them - to the contrary. One of the pillars of his thinking is his desire for everyone to know his natural part and stick to it.
Yes but remember that the idea of the ‘last man’ describes a person who has ceased becoming (which is actually impossible). However, if we pretend that this is not the case, ie that a person can cease becoming before his death, then anyone who has ceased to become and is not yet the superman is essentially a failure (excepting women, perhaps). However, as I indicated, even such a failure plays a part in the creation of the superman, and for that reason he can happily wish for his recurrence into eternity.
The little man, the decadent man, recurs eternally (in addition to the embodiments of greater archetypes), and accepting his recurrence as neccessary and even desirable can be quite liberating.
“Couldn’t the Last Man easily accept the doctrine of eternal recurrence? If he never had any pain in his life and just had countless little pleasures, than what holds him back from accpeting the doctrine?”
Note that he says “accept”, not “affirm”. But that is not even the point. The point is that the last man does not “happily wish for his recurrence into eternity” because he “plays a part in the creation of the superman”, but that he accepts his recurrence into eternity because “he never had any pain in his life and just had countless little pleasures”.
As I have already shown, the last man is not the lowest man. Nietzsche actually concedes “that he has indeed a certain right to feel himself as the goal and zenith, as the meaning of history, as “higher man”, insofar as he feels himself elevated above the surfeit of ill-constituted, sickly, weary and exhausted people of which Europe is beginning to stink today, as something at least relatively well-constituted, at least still capable of living, at least affirming life.” Men like this are therefore not the “underprivileged” Nietzsche mentions in The Will to Power, section 55:
“What does “underprivileged” mean? Above all, physiologically–no longer politically. The unhealthiest kind of man in Europe (in all classes) furnishes the soil for this nihilism: they will experience the belief in the eternal recurrence as a curse, struck by which one no longer shrinks from any action; not to be extinguished passively but to extinguish everything that is so aim- and meaningless, although this is a mere convulsion, a blind rage at the insight that everything has been for eternities–even this moment of nihilism and lust for destruction.–It is the value of such a crisis that it purifies, that it pushes together related elements to perish of each other, that it assigns common tasks to men who have opposite ways of thinking–and it also brings to light the weaker and less secure among them and thus promotes an order of rank according to strength, from the point of view of health: those who command are recognized as those who command, those who obey as those who obey. Of course, outside every existing social order.”
The last man will constitute the third caste (black in my avatar), whereas “the surfeit of ill-constituted, sickly, weary and exhausted people of which Europe is beginning to stink today”, i.e., “the unhealthiest kind of man in Europe (in all classes)”, will be the chandala, the mass of drop-outs from all castes. So we have 1) the first caste, constituted by Supermen (gold in my avatar); 2) the second caste, constituted by warriors (red in my avatar) - these, too, struggle with the idea of recurrence, but, as Jakob suggests, affirm this struggle (as opposed to the chandala) -; 3) the third caste, constituted by last men; and 4) the undercaste, the lack-of-caste, the chandala.
Note that this is just the general division. There will be subdivisions, for instance among the last men; no order of rank, of course, but a division of labour, of task - just like among ants. Perhaps the women will be workers, the men mere drones. Perhaps they shall even have a queen…
I think I was wrong about the Last Man being one who has supposedly ceased becoming. Rather, he removes chaos from himself in a bid to reduce the risk of unpleasent experience. In doing so, he forgoes rare beauties (such as his ability to ‘give birth to a dancing star’-Z). His is a sanitised existence.
‘Souls that take a chance risk winning big-
Yeah that’s the way we play and we love it.’
Indeed. Thus he writes in Ecce Homo, about Beyond Good and Evil;
“This book (1886) is in all essentials a critique of modernity, not excluding modern sciences, modern arts, even modern politics, along with some indications as to a contrasting type that is as little modern as possible, a noble, a Yes-saying type.”
Note that Nietzsche here uses the same word - “Yes-saying” [jasagend] - that he had also used in the Genealogy: “at least affirming life” is literally “at least saying Yes to life” [wenigstens zum Leben Ja-sagendes]. (The reason it is written with a capital in the Genealogy is that it is used as a noun there.) So the last man is not a Yes-saying type, but he does say Yes to his life. This is because his life is possible only in completely antinatural conditions. He can only live in a “civilised” world - not in the real world.
“Now if you’ll excuse me I have to get back to loitering around Europe on pension money generated from the exploited workers who built the university I went to, and writing books to spread havoc everywhere because these fucking headaches are killin me and I’m pissed! Lou, I will never forgive you, so I’m gonna write a book about how women are inferior and evil, then I’m gonna pose with a uniform and sword for a picture because I always wanted to be a soldier.”
Surely I’m a “decadent communist slave nihilist who has thin blood and stuff and who refuses to dress his girlfriend up in leather and spank her with a whip because sexuality has been ruined by consumer fetishism and I’m too stupid to notice how sick and perverted I really should be since Eros is the true nature of man, yada yada yada.”
Where are the Nietzscheans godammit! I want my fucking money back. This is schoolyard bullshit. What a bunch of pussies.
Sage, please man, you gotta help me. Give me a stardate in standard Star-Trek form and then some esoteric nonsense in various text colors about how profound Nietzsche is.
My crisis is over, Saully, because I have found someone to love…finally. That’s all I ever really wanted. Someone to wake up with and eat bacon and eggs in the morning.
K, so Shiva was cast out of the fourth house and met up with Vishnu who was planning to start the Nazi party to redeem the earth from the accidental breeding between the slave race and the titans?