To avoid criticizing the psychoanalitical theories in general, let’s look at an example of how psychoanalytics actually works, in the field. That’s a real example.
A woman had a great fear of spiders and came for help. The doctor asked her questions about spiders, then about her situation and her parents. Peaking in his mind, I’d say that he was considering a spider a threat and was looking for a threatening figure in her life. In a while he found that figure, it was the woman’s mother. Her mother was anoying her, not giving her enough freedom and space, for although they lived separately, she insisted on visiting her daughter every day. The doctor made a conclusion that fear of spiders is a suppressed fear of mother’s power. But he didn’t tell that to a woman just yet. Instead he decided to wait till she makes the same connection.
One day woman was talking about her mother to the doctor and suddenly realized: spiders are threatening, they weave their webs, just like her mother! Her fear must be a suppressed fear of her mother, and once she becomes more free of her, her fear of spiders would diminish. She shared that realization with the doctor who congratulated her.
But let’s see. What is sound about the whole situation? The doctor didn’t think of what true reasons she had to fear spiders, instead her started to question her on her family history, seeking for a threatening figure. But it’s unknown whether fear of spiders has anything to do with the family. Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar, they say about dreams, and likewise not everything has to deal with your parents!
He kept leading her to the conclusion, too. What kind of conclusion could she make if every time she visited, the doctor made her talk either about spiders, or about her parents? It doesn’t matter if the conclusion is right, what matters is that she would inevitably make this conclusion and not any other one, given the manner of her sessions with the doctor.
In the end, we see that nobody cared for truth: the doctor had an unfounded hypothesis and strived hard to lead the woman on, and she made the same conclusion. Is that therapy? Is that truth?