Snow Crash - 'Information Hygiene'

I’m currently reading a book called ‘Snow Crash’ by Neal Stephenson. He makes some very interesting points about epistemology. He sees knowledge like a Computer Program or a Computer Virus depending on the type of knowledge, i.e. what the knowledge makes you do.

His Analogy:
A computer is only a piece of hardware, what makes it do things is the software, a computer program. The computer itself is powerless / directionless without the software, turn a computer on and if the software is corrupt the computer won’t work. This is not a hardware problem but a software issue. When the computer is first purchased it will come pre-loaded and working with whatever Operating System is standard, Windows in most cases. But if you start running lots of different programs on the computer, downloaded from the Internet, it won’t be long before you get a virus. That is a computer program, which affects the computer in a destructive way. It causes the main software to become corrupted, making the computer do things it would not otherwise normally do.

So where is He going?

The human is like a computer, and the computer program, which it runs is knowledge. Knowledge is what changes the choices we make; Good knowledge allows us to make Good choices, while corrupt knowledge means we’ll make bad choices. To him, knowledge needs to be clean; he talks about “Information Hygiene”, which I think is an interesting idea. When knowledge gets damaged it’s like it gets infected with a Virus. If people go and corrupt knowledge it will lead to groups of people being affected and changing how they view themselves and the world around them, like propaganda. So to him, to have good people you must have good knowledge or at least knowledge that hasn’t been corrupted by people with illicit motivations.

Anybody got any thoughts on this?

Very interesting indeed.

I can see the relationship between a computer program and human life with experience being our “software.” We, in turn, convert the software or knowledge into a formidable projection of the information injested. The influencable software can be either good or bad since we are inherently innocent without such software.

The major difference in my opinion is the efficiency in which the information is transcended. If only we could convey ideas with the precision and objectivity of binary code. This is where emotion comes in. The divide between man and machine is found in emotion. Unfortunately, in our quest for perfection, our emotion can get in the way. Computer technology can objectively and efficiently give the best logical result in most typical cases.

This may be a bit of a reach, but isn’t it conceivable that the computer is the next step in the evolutionary journey being that the software (even though influencable by human thought) can eventually be self-sustaining and efficiently/effectively decipher between bad and good software on it’s own accord through a level of perfection unattainable by the human mind because of the emotional interference?

It’s just Dawkins idea of Memes dressed up innit?

I’m already disliking his ideas, doesn’t understand people very well does he.

Most ‘knowledge’ that 99% of the population have are all lies. White lies, yes, but all lies. Take the example of the idea that a nucleus is a ball of protons/neutrons around which an electron revolves. Good way of describing the concept to a layman, but utterly wrong. Doesn’t make all those people who believe it bad though does it. Take what most people think tax gets spent on. Take what most people believe makes them act morally. It’s bullshit most of the time, but it makes the world work.

In fact many times you introduce ‘pure’ knowledge into a people group I’d say it tends to screw them up. Think Marxism, lovely idea, everyone shares everything, but people aren’t capable of living to the ideal of the perception of “The People”. The People are wonderful, intelligent, caring, understanding. People are not. So a pure concept of marxism is corrupted not by being impure, but because it is used by incapable people.

Without having read him, Mr. Stephenson sounds like a silly man who hasn’t thought about things properly and secondly has ripped off Dawkins.

I know little of Dawkins, what would be a good work by him to read.

The Selfish Gene is his most famous work.

Most of it is about genes and evolution, though there’s one chapter of Dawkins introducing memes which I seem to remember wasn’t added to the second edition so make sure you get hold of a copy of that edition if you want to read about them. Though I could be wrong. The 2nd edition is generally better anyway.

but how can you know which knowledge is good? the knowledge can not be good without someone to interpret it as good. and everyone has some bad knowledge that they will pass around. so we are doomed to having bad knowledge and bad people. unless someone wipes our brains and feeds us perfect information.

just having good knowledge does not guarantee a good person. what if you only had one idea, but it was good. does that make you good? no.

You have clearly missed the entire point. I would suggest that all our computers have been infected with various virii, broken shortcuts, and corrupted sectors from the time we first started to learn because our teachers have passed those same failings on to us.

Secondly, to inject a bit of marxist propaganda into your argument was the act of one of the very virii of which we now discuss. Whether right or wrong, it was an extra little bit of code embedded in software of your post that we now have to deal with, by acceptance or rejection.

Thirdly, let us ignore that and accept the idea that Marxism is a pure and good idea. It was, is, and will always be corrupted because that “shareware” program (Lawd help me I could not resist) resides on the hardrives of infected computers. The problem is not the Marxist software, it is all the problems within the operating system upon which Marx 1.0 runs. This is true of all programs. Of course to avoid this, we would need to be feral children, raised in an environment with no other computers to pass the virii on to us and then we would still be subject to lost icons, corrupt fonts, and the like.

Furthermore, the idea that Marxism, or any idea is ever bug-free is childish. Because we are not capable of being pure ourselves, we cannot create any pure thing. As particular evidence of the failing of Marx’ software, Shareware cannot cope with the selfish individual. The fact it cannot deal successfully with those people shows it to be less than pure.

Lastly, remember those little lies you were talking about? Maybe society doesn’t run BECAUSE of them, but DESPITE them. Despite millions of people having a less than adequate understanding of atoms we manage to survive. There’s a marvel! We’ve pretty much covered the intentional corruption tactics of harmful programs like taxation explanation software with missing and misleading code. Refer to the Shareware argument to understand how unqualified moral codes get developed.

Of course, you would be free to say that I have now spread a worm that I just picked up from another infected machine, and you’d probably be right, but then you would be wrong in what you said above.

Matt. In my humble opinion there is no such thing as ‘pure’ knowledge, evry piece of knowledge is true from some perspective and therefore partisan.

There’s nothing clear about me missing the point Mr. Barbarian.

What were we talking about in the first place?? Good knowledge wasn’t it, which in Stephenson’s argument is knowledge that brings about beneficial results. It doesn’t have to be bug free and I dispensed with the qualifiers to the Marx argument because I don’t have time to constantly write things out over and over and over again. Whether the idea is ORIGINALLY bug-free or not is irrelevant as long as it brings beneficial results, it is whether it has been corrupted after creation that is important.

Think Chrisitan ideals, good solid ideals, love thy neighbour, etc. Now that some of the ideals were orginally ‘coded’ badly is essentially irrelevant and I never said they weren’t (I really don’t want to keep using computer speak as we are essentially talking about ideas and the corruption of ideas here) This imperfect but generally beneficial code was then corrupted, for example in the Middle ages by focusing on the ceremony of religion instead of the ideals and keeping the scripture from the meek and using it to get them to do what Bishops, Cardinals, etc. wanted them to.

That is what Stephenson is talking about, as I interpret it from what Pax said. Now if you were paying attention there you’d noticed I moved from talking about knowledge to talking about ideas. There was a reason for this.

My beef with the argument, apart from that it’s a Dawkin’s rip-off, is that it talks about knoweldge. Knowledge is universally regarded as true, ignoring subjectivist objections such as Marshall mcD’s (not that they’re not valid points). Most ideas that are floating around in our society are not true. I highlighted this by using the atom and the ideas about tax, etc. So Stephenson has firstly incorrectly identified knowledge as ‘software’ when in fact it is ideas, which do not need the qualifier of being True to be good.

Now what highlighted to me that Stephenson hasn’t thought about what he is writing was the phrase “Information Hygiene”. The phrase conjures up to me the idea that for an idea to be beneficial or good, it cannot have been corrupted. And I take objection to that too. I was trying to demonstrate that an uncorrupted idea, such as pure Marxism, can be destructive. And I was implying that a corrupted idea, such as European social democracy, a cross between marxism, capitalism and indirect democracy, with a massive slice of misunderstanding by the majority of occupants of those social democracies, can be very beneficial.

And the little bit about the white lies, it was meant to underline the whole idea, every white lie is a corrupted piece of knowledge. And it works for society better if it is corrupted as a majority of people wouldn’t know what to do with the uncorrupted knowledge, which could cause societal problems, or just wouldn’t understand, which could also cause problems. And I think the communists adequately demonstrated my point. As are Mugabe’s henchmen, where they have taken knowledge of democracy and misunderstood it and turned it into the idea of mob rule. They would have been better off with the white lie idea of democracy.

So it’s not that society survives despite the little white lies, but because of them. They are the grease in a society’s axel, they help the world run without constantly having to explain things to people. People get given a corrupted idea by society because in the long run it is for the benefit of society. Don’t misinterpret this that it’s fine to decieve people, as on many things it’s not, but there are a lot of things that the world works better when people are allowed to believe things which are, on the whole, not entirely true.

Am I still missing the point?

Kube - If we take it as ideas instead of knowledge, an idea is good if it brings some sort of benefit to society as a whole in a utilitarian sense. This is vaguely subjective as it’s difficult to measure hapiness, but there are obvious examples, Nazi genocide was a bad idea, human rights were a generally good idea.

I’m sorry to interject like this, but as a computer scientist, I would like to say that the entire analogy stated in the original post is completely ludicrous.

Turn on a computer, let it run…without “software”. It turns on, clears ram, initializes devices, searches for basic input and output issues, and attempts to find software to run. Then add the software, it loads the basic memory allocation programs into ram, loads drivers, then interface, then…it stops.

My point? People are not like computers because computers don’t DO anything. The software is JUST AS USELESS AS THE HARDWARE!

That’s why people are sooo facinating. We take computers and SEE meaning in them. But to a computer…there is no meaning…no difference between calculating the square root of pi and playing an MP3.

Then existence isn’t real, is it? It’s all subjective to you, then. Even your own existence?

Personally, I feel the statement that all knowledge is partisan is categorically incorrect. Prove to me that 2+2 != 4. Otherwise, I have one peice of knowledge that is NOT partisan, and therefore, your entire statement is proven invalid.

Rafajafar, there is nothing ludicrous about the analogy, what exactly do you think a human is? It is a bunch of inputs namely nerves which connect to the eyes, nose, skin, like the inputs of a computer, a keyboard, mouse, etc, with a bunch of outputs, again nerves which connect to muscles, like a computer monitor or robotic arm.

According to reductionism, the processing bit in us has meaning because a complex system has arisen from the simple input/output ones, much like those simple input/output systems that a computer presently has. What you have just said is basically denying a computer could ever develop AI. Which is a pretty damn big claim.

Think about evolution. It started with simple reproduction, with no input/output devices. It then later developed very primitive input devices coupled with a primitive output device, as simple as a light detector being an input (namely “light”) with an output (namely “operate spasm”). The result was that the organism moved towards the light (and that’s more complex than the truely simple ones), but with absolutely no intention at all, much like a computer presently operates without any intention at all, that is supplied by us. But that later evolved in to you, merely by blind chance making its input/output signals and devices more complex.

I think the comparison is ludicrous because comparing a simple Turing complete machine to a neural network is like comparing a tuning fork to a symphony.

It’s not at all a comparison. Why do you think A.I. is such a problem? There are criteria for intellect that are not achievable through a simple Turing system.

People are not “computers” in the common sense. People are networks of computers. Hence, the reason I hate the example and don’t agree with it. It’s nothing personal, and I’m sure he has some valid points, but people are most definitely greater than machines.

His points, though, aren’t even that original. That’s the problem with modern philosophy. It’s all about repackaging ideas to sell books.

Isn’t what he’s saying that morality is taught, not innate? That humans are just as capable of learning bad as they are good? In other words, he’s saying Original sin does not exist? golf clap

It’s an interesting metaphor, but, again, inaccurate. Humans are capable of both good and bad. Computers are capable of nothing. If you give a computer a virus, it’s because humans put it there, not computers. If you mistreat a human being and teach them evil, it’s because humans are doing bad things to this person. In both case, the problem isn’t the information, there is no “bad knowledge”, there’s “bad intentions”. Hence why I disagree with what he’s saying. I know too many people who have taken lots of bad knowledge and did magnificently good things with it to support this claim.

True, but its meant to be simple, so as many people as possible can understand his point of view. Start talking about Neural Nets and just watch as people’s eyes glaze over. Fundamentally all a Neural Net is is a really big complex computer.

Yes, most if not all Philosophy dates back a bit, it’s very hard to have an original idea, some would even say it’s impossible. I would see modern philosophy in things like String Theory or Game/Chaos Theory then in actual philosophy. There are only so many years you can talk about morality, metaphysics and the meaning of it all, before you start to repeat yourself.

Rafajafar stated:

The conclusion doesn’t follow from the premises.

and,

personally, i feel that prefacing an argument against the partisan nature of knowledge with ‘personally’ to be somewhat anti-thetical, but that’s just my own personal opinion of the argument.

The argument 2+2=4 is true from the perspective of counting beings. It influences them. If you’re looking for a piece of knowledge that is not partisan, try for something more innocuous.

In regards to the first comment. Sure it does. Do you exist? How do you know? Does it require another perspective? Would this knowledge of your own existence be relative? Would that not be this “true knowledge”? I don’t think my own existence is a matter of perspective. You may doubt it, but I know it’s true. And if you DO exist, I’m sure you’re aware of your own self enough to not feel that your own existence is in need of any further debate…

Personally, I feel that if you intend to “prove” nothing, but pose a counter-example to a statement, it is not an argument; it is a probing question. As such, I, personally, feel that one shouldn’t take it too personal if one uses the word “Personally” to start such a statement. But, again, that’s my personal view.

Personally, I think that was an anal response, and personally, I feel you failed to prove inconsistency on my part. I was implying that mathematics was reason. I understand, I wasn’t specific enough to clarify my personal view. Fine.

:stuck_out_tongue:

However, show me a being that is not a counting being (as in one that cannot recognize ordinance, as that is all that is required to “count”), and I’ll admit that my “argument” was harmful.

You seem to feel unsatisfied with the idea that basic rationality is implied with the concept of perspective. Does this mean that you feel all judgement of anything is worthless because it’s all a matter of perspective? If so, does this mean that your argument is neither correct nor incorrect, and any counter argument towards me is neither correct nor incorrect? Does this mean that any rational thought you put into this idea is moot by virtue of the lack of a priori knowledge of any type?

What rules DO you follow if reason is a matter of perspective?

Rafajafar, you make me smile, at least until that acid tongue turns on me I’m sure!

With reference to the originality of the idea, it’s not all that old, it truely was Dawkins who was one of the first to suggest that ideas might be viewed in an evolutionary light, seriously considering that some of the more persistent ideas follow true evolutionary patterns, developing complexity as they have to defend themselves against other ideas.

As for your views on reduction of human to the idea that it is similar to a computer, what you’ve said has been voiced before too. And unfortunatly your predecessor, a rather famous philosopher of his time, was made to look a fool by history. On attempting to refute reductionism of the mind he cited that a machine that could perform such miracles as thought would have to be so huge it would fill a cathedral and it was impossible to build a Mill with such complexities before it broke down. Obviously he underestimated the complexity of the task, but his thoughts of the ‘impossible’ are telling. Now we have oil rigs many times that size, computers that are many times more complex than the industrial mills of their time. And the future holds quantum computers, biocomputers, and other such unfathomable discoveries that will become as common place as the revolutionary idea of the transistor.

All this talk about original ideas, in this and many other threads, always makes me laugh, they’re happening every second of every day, many are repeated, most are forgotten, but they surface all the time. In morality, Kant is not that long ago, he may have been refuted, but he is way more advanced than Aristotle. And what about utility, a recent addition to the fray! Reductionism has only recently become a viable stance and is rapidly taking over. People who say no new ideas happen are looking wistfully at the past thinking to themselves that they could have come up with those ideas easily, but forget their entire society teaches them that idea from birth. Liberty is a revolutionary concept that seems tired by age. How long ago was the communist revolution? Philosophy is alive and kicking, only a fool or a blind man pretends that there are no new ideas out there. And when the next great concept springs forth from the loins of history, will the originality skeptics be eating their hats??? No, they will be moaning it’s just a reinterpretation of something else that’s been done before.

Missing the point as usual, the interpretation is the original thought.

Proving that 2+2!=4 would not prove that it is not partisan. Something can be true, and still be partisan.

I said, and i quote, “evry piece of knowledge is true from some perspective and therefore partisan.”
not, “…reason is a matter of perspective”
and also not, “…all judgement of anything is worthless because it’s all a matter of perspective.” (and if you were not trying to reiterate what i had said and were merely drawing these conclusions i still fail to see how they can be derived from the premises.)
Reason and judgement are rational processes, Knowledge is an entirely different thing, and words have specific meanings attached to them. reason and knowledge can not be equated. They are two different things.