The Impact of Artificial Life on Spirituality

So this is a big step. An entirely artificial synthetic DNA has been made, implemented into a cell, and made to work. The cell is alive. Not since god made Adam and Eve with his bare hands has anything been created without an ancestor. Nor since the world’s creation 6,000 years ago. I remember growing up I was always told that only god had the power to create life. Well, whoever said that is clearly wrong. What impact does this have on religion? An unprecedented one I would think. We will be able to make cells that can do any number of things, from secreting biofuels to cleaning up the environment from pollutants.

And of course, there’s the soul. What about the soul? Does a creature made by man have a soul? Does it have a life essence? The scientists certainly didn’t put it there. If we were to create a creature that could think independently, could we demand that it worship us as a matter of course lest it be punished? Such a fantastic discovery. One to further rattle the cage of the religious from Buddhists to Christians to Muslims. Is anybody else so amazed by humanity’s progress in every field?

The world existed a long time before that!

Who made the chemicals used in this instance?

None whatever.

If a philosophy forum has to descend to the level of accepting as serious sources the infamous American ‘liars for Christ’ in order to controvert religion, it has reached rock bottom.

I don’t think this would rattle very many Buddhist’s cages. I can’t think why it would. Buddhists don’t believe in souls or “life essences” for one thing. Think Blade Runner - the replicants cry out for our compassion, simply because they “quack like a duck” to use the familiar expression. To draw a line and consider the replicants non-human, or non-sentient would likely have negative effects on your mind and on the world, according to the Buddhist teachings.

It may rattle the fundamentalist cage, but then what is fundamentalism but a rattled cage to begin with? The theist asks, "when science does stuff according to natural laws like creating an artificial cell, from whence came the natural laws in the first place? The naturalist replies, “They evolved.” The theist asks, “Who created evolution?” And so it goes until they reach the question of being: “Why is there something, and not nothing?” Wittgenstein answers, “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent” which is really no answer at all. Selah.

One must not be silent, though. If there is existence in time and space (what physicists call spacetime), and the common experience of that existence is that effects have causes, one may suppose that existence in spacetime has a cause external to it. That is not a proof that spacetime has an external cause, but it is rational, and it may be true that spacetime has an external cause. Many find it difficult to believe that matter came into existence spontaneously, without an external agent.

So there is an answer. It is not a complete answer, but perhaps there is more in human experience that gives a fuller answer.

What is being referred to, in case anyone reading along is wondering, is synthetic M. mycoides (properly, M. mycoides JCVI-syn1.0; but also includes variants Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma capricolum); accomplished by the JCVI Institute and the subject of a press release on May 20th, 2010.

  1. You can read about it from their website here: jcvi.org/cms/research/projec … /overview/

  2. You can watch the press release here: jcvi.org/cms/research/projec … ell/video/

  3. You can read the press release here: jcvi.org/cms/press/press-rel … esearcher/

  4. You can read about Mycoplasma mycoides, in general, at Wikipedia’s entry here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_mycoides

  5. You can read about Mycoplasma genitalium, in general, at Wikipedia’s entry here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_genitalium

  6. You can read about Mycoplasma capricolum, in general, at Wikipedia’s entry here: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_capricolum


As to the question of impact on Religion.
To me personally, this is enriching spiritually; not a negative.

It is natural for life to want to produce more life, and we have now done so on a more coherent level than before.
Our human understanding of life will expand over time now because of this accomplishment, and by expanding our understanding of life as a tangible connection on the engineering level, we will understand our own engineering with an oncoming new respect and interest.

These are fantastic byproducts of the accomplishment.

As to whether this poses any possibility of man claiming control over the creation of the soul:
Firstly, we haven’t even created a sentient life; we’ve created a reactionary cellular life.
Secondly, we haven’t even gotten close to understanding fully what consciousness is in ourselves biologically and neurologically, so the application of this unknown quality genetically is beyond the extreme measures of our comprehension still at this point.

Thirdly, even if we did create a conscious sentient life form; even on the microscopic level; we haven’t even biologically established the stable condition of the soul, nor the cause for the established soul sensation, in human beings yet. We have only established the affect as consequenting in the soul sense and that is all.

We have a few interesting results that have us asking some provocative questions and proposing equal theories while we inspire from this more considerations that may be examined.

This is about all.
So does a genetically synthetic creation of the cell life responsible for lung disease in cattle and goats strike me as opening the chasm of reactionary Pandora?
Not at all.

I will say, however, that if you wanted to take a shot at stumbling upon what consciousness may possibly be the affect from by working it out from the bottom up, then starting with a parasitic format may not be a terrible approach as the cellular structure of the parasitic format is selective, adaptive, and runs (extremely crude) forms of logic.

What answer? Something cannot proceed from nothing. First causes lead to the problem of infinite regression. What one is inevitably forced back to the necessity of being without explanation. That’s true whether the universe existed eternally or something else e.g. God or eternal inflation. First causes beg the question, “from whence?” The question of being is an awesome unanswerable riddle. “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent”

That isn’t silence.

It’s silent about why there is something and not nothing.

It presupposes intent- unless an external agent created by accident.

Anon, admittedly I don’t know much about Buddhism but I am led to understand that there is some kind of ‘energy’ or ‘life essence’ that is of a supernatural or at least extra-physical nature. If that’s not right and buddhists are materialists, then my claim is void. If it is right, then how does that life essence come into a life form that was by all accounts artificially created?

Ochaye, yes of course, as with all religions and religious people, the only possibility is to keep going outside our current knowledge boundary to ‘prove’ that god exists. If not rain, then earthquakes, if not earthquakes, then the earth, if not, then the sun, if not, then life, if not, then matter itself. Of course, the problem with this logic is that it’s a dead end since you can keep going back forever. Let me apply it to your god. God doesn’t know that he himself was created, since he can only go back so far to his own beginning, just as we don’t know what happened before the big bang. Before that, there was a different god who made your god but his knowledge is greater than your god still because he naturally has knowledge over his creation, as well as his own environment. Since he gave your god free will, he won’t tell him that he exists lest he interfere with his free will. Even worse, there was a god who made that god…and that god…and that god…and… But no, let’s keep it at one god to simplify.

Yes felix, the only question I have however is that why not abandon all the waste of religion (e.g. jihad, witch burnings) and simply get to the core which is basically a universal morality. We’ve seen the failure of religion in countries like Sweden and Norway and there’s not been the breakdown of society foretold by the religious, so why waste energy on different interpretations and sects?

Stumps, this isn’t about sentience. It’s about the impact this has on god creating life, and man making artificial cells, on god causing earthquakes, and man causing them himself when he drills, god causing draughts, man building damns to irrigate, of god sending pests, and man making pesticides. What is the boundary of god then? I expect all these events to lead to the death of, if not the creator god, the interfering god. Then, you talk about the ‘stable condition of the soul’. What does that mean? If you’re using consciousness and soul interchangeably, then that can’t be correct. First of all there’s no rational basis for that, why is the soul your consciousness? How do you know other things which might not have souls by standards of x religion aren’t conscious? Second, children aren’t self conscious up to 3 years old, similar to many animals. Does that mean children and babies don’t have souls? Given that we have Newton’s laws, the laws of thermodynamics, the various ‘supernatural energy’ frauds who are discovered upon further examination, Dolly the sheep, artificial life, knowledge of what a placebo is and why prayer might help, the history of religion and why it’s a poor system for the reason that it is so rife for abuse and open to extreme interpretations of what may have originally been an attempt at social harmony, and the poor confidence level that an average person would normally have in hearsay about miracles and world-defying events millennia ago, I would think this might dent the religious person’s confidence in religion. Clearly, I would be wrong.

No, I simply meant that we don’t have a biological identification of the soul.
Nor do we even have a biological identification for what causes the sensation of the soul.
We only have the, at the least, affect that results in the sensation of the soul in a majority of human beings.

I wasn’t equating the two.

I think some Buddhists may be materialists, but I’d guess that’s rare. Many Buddhists around the world do believe in phenomena that most materialists would claim to be supernatural. But Buddhists generally aren’t in the business of speculating about the origins of life. The Buddha set the precedent right from the start, when he . Also, like I said, the belief in souls or essences (“from their own side”) is non-Buddhist, without question. The Buddha taught , and emptiness, or .

Mahayana Buddhism teaches insubstantiality, while materialism is generally considered a substance theory - it teaches that physical phenomena are substantial, while non-physical phenomena are insubstantial. So the fact that many Buddhists aren’t materialists does not necessarily mean that they believe in the supernatural.

Stumps, I don’t share your assumption of the existence of the soul. How do I experience my soul? I’m not aware of any sensations that are attributed to the soul, which is an extraphysical entity.

Anon, I’m not well versed in Buddhism and I can’t tell what a nonsubstantial phenomenon is, which I don’t see existing since to exist would be to have substance. If a non-substantial phenomenon is experienced, then it must have substance to trigger that something in the brain. Anyway, I’m still interested in your view about organic farming which you never got around to elaborating on.

Very well. How is there something and not nothing?

Do Sweden and Norway have the answers to the woes of the human condition? If not, people will keep searching for the answers and their searching can be called religion. If we don’t have the answers now, there’s always the future. Maybe the answers is there. The future is open ended.

A discussion of substance theory would be a pretty long and involved one I think.

Organic farming? Did I drop out of a conversation about that? I didn’t realize… link me and I’ll try to find what I didn’t respond to.

I think it creates a problem for traditions that have a stark life/non-life divide. Painting with a very broad brush, that is less of a concern for Eastern religiophilosophies that it is for those who owe much of their lineage to the Greco-Roman system (including the Abrahamic traditions) where a very stark life/non-life divide exists.

Good point Xunzian. I guess they don’t see that “Life” writ large includes the non-living. “Dead” matter, inanimate objects, rocks, dust, everything has the potential for life. Otherwise, nothing would ever live. The Bible [Genesis] teaches that we came from dust and to dust we return. Genesis teaches that dust has the potential to live. If everything has the potential for life, and life is sacred, then everything, our whole environment is sacred. “Life” encompasses our whole environment not just “human beings”. We are embedded in and part of the sacred whole. This truth is there in the “Abrahamic traditions” if we do the archeology necessary to dig it out.

I’m not assuming the soul either.
Only that there is, at the least, a sensation of such a thing among many of the billions of human beings that have existed and whom do exist.

My point was that we are far away from treading on any footsteps of any creation deity as we lack two things:

  1. an identity and understanding of consciousness biologically.
  2. an identity and understanding of the cause for the sensation of the soul biologically.

We only have one thing at this point: the ability to implant synthetic cellular DNA into organic cellular life for the product of synthetic cellular life through reproduction via natural cell division of the hosting organic cellular life.

That is all and nothing more.