“Christianity neither is, nor ever was, a part of the common law.”
-Thomas Jefferson’s letters to Dr. Thomas Cooper, 1814
“Experience witnesseth that ecclesiastical establishments, instead of maintaining the purity and efficacy of religion, have had a contrary operation. During almost fifteen centuries has the legal establishment of Christianity been on trial. What has been its fruits? More or less, in all places, pride and indolence in the clergy; ignorance and servility in the laity; in both, superstition, bigotry and persecution.”
- James Madison, “A Memorial and Remonstrance”, 1785
“What havoc has been made of books through every century of the Christian era? Where are fifty gospels, condemned as spurious by the bull of Pope Gelasius? Where are the forty wagon-loads of Hebrew manuscripts burned in France, by order of another pope, because suspected of heresy? Remember the ‘index expurgatorius’, the inquisition, the stake, the axe, the halter and the guillotine.”
- John Adams, letter to John Taylor
“On the dogmas of religion, as distinguished from moral principles, all mankind, from the beginning of the world to this day, have been quarreling, fighting, burning and torturing one another, for abstractions unintelligible to themselves and to all others, and absolutely beyond the comprehension of the human mind.”
- Thomas Jefferson to Carey, 1816
I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church, by the Protestant church, nor by any church that I know of…Each of those churches accuse the other of unbelief; and for my own part, I disbelieve them all."
-Thomas Paine, The Age of Reason
George Washington, the first president of the United States, never declared himself a Christian according to contemporary reports or in any of his voluminous correspondence. Washington Championed the cause of freedom from religious intolerance and compulsion. When John Murray (a universalist who denied the existence of hell) was invited to become an army chaplain, the other chaplains petitioned Washington for his dismissal. Instead, Washington gave him the appointment. On his deathbed, Washinton uttered no words of a religious nature and did not call for a clergyman to be in attendance.
From:
George Washington and Religion by Paul F. Boller Jr., pp. 16, 87, 88, 108, 113, 121, 127 (1963, Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas, TX)
It was during Adam’s administration that the Senate ratified the Treaty of Peace and Friendship, which states in Article XI that “the government of the United States of America is not in any sense founded on the Christian Religion.”
From:
The Character of John Adams by Peter Shaw, pp. 17 (1976, North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC) Quoting a letter by JA to Charles Cushing Oct 19, 1756, and John Adams, A Biography in his Own Words, edited by James Peabody, p. 403 (1973, Newsweek, New York NY) Quoting letter by JA to Jefferson April 19, 1817, and in reference to the treaty, Thomas Jefferson, Passionate Pilgrim by Alf Mapp Jr., pp. 311 (1991, Madison Books, Lanham, MD) quoting letter by TJ to Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, June, 1814.
The Treaty of Tripoli, passed by the U.S. Senate in 1797, read in part: “The government of the United States is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion.” The treaty was written during the Washington administration, and sent to the Senate during the Adams administration. It was read aloud to the Senate, and each Senator received a printed copy. This was the 339th time that a recorded vote was required by the Senate, but only the third time a vote was unanimous (the next time was to honor George Washington). There is no record of any debate or dissension on the treaty. It was reprinted in full in three newspapers - two in Philadelphia, one in New York City. There is no record of public outcry or complaint in subsequent editions of the papers.
Now, I do agree with you that they believed in a divine Creator – nearly everyone did at that point, what is your point with respect to that? One can be Enlightened, indeed, one can be religious without being anti-Enlightenment. Heck, in France there were Enlightened pastors, one of them even serving on the Council of Public Safety (Naturally the Jacobites too their thought a little too far. I can recognize bad fundamentalism and if you want an example of bad Enlightenment fundamentalism the Jacobites would be it!)
Now, I also think you missed my point comparing Europe to the Ottomans. The Ottoman Empire was stable, and relatively peaceful but ideologically stagnat. Europe, on the other hand, was a hotbed of ideas and a hotbed of violence. Which one came out looking better? The death of individuals is irrelevant, but the death of ideas, now that is something to fear!
As for critics of Global Warming, I’ve yet to see a credible scientific report that challenges it. A lot of smoke a mirrors, but that’s it. Need I cite the Science article which shows the results of a lit search regarding Global Warming? While charging them with crimes against humanity is going too far, part of any rational philosophy is rooting out the incorrect elements. Clinging to an incorrect idea is damaging indeed.
As for Communism, while I am not a supporter of Communism I would point you to several of Mr. P’s very good points on it. The Corporate Welfare State is a form of nationalization of the economy. As a counter-point, both Cathrine and Peter the Great tried to enact capitalist reform in Russia and it failed to produce any economic movement forward because there was no middle class to take advantage of it. In both the PRC and in Russia a middle class has been created because of Communist reforms. I’d say that is quite impressive.