No, in fact most places don’t, basically all countries at this point use Fiat money, in essence saying, it’s worth something because we say so…
Dollars, yes and no. Gold, yes and no.
Money existed long before the dollar*, and often was paper, though often it was receipts for gold being held in someones vault. From this comes banks and specie backed money.
Gold, would be fine to live without, in the sense of the extra price tag people place on it because it is “gold.” But, if we called the 79th element by a different name, it would still have it’s uses, and need to be in that spot… Gold has its value in part because of it’s place on the table of elements, it’s shell configuration causes it to be non-reactive and stable. This allows it to stay shiny, for a long time… To change any of those factors would require an alteration of reality, but I don’t think that is what you are talking about…
Society does function without species backed money, as is shown all over the world. Species backed money just acts as a limit on the amount of money that politicians can put out into the market… Which some think would be sweet, but it’s roughly the equivalent of playing pretend, which is roughly what fiat money is in the first place.
There is some mixed proof on this, while yes gold coins where used, they have found evidence of debt, which was only not represented by paper because of the time frame, for trade. Gold was an up step from that only because it was a representation of that dept, that could be broken up and passed around, then put back together without (much) loss… We now use paper because it is a step up, easier to carry, easier to understand, and it works in the same way.
The value projected on to gold is an illusion/delusion. Spain was destroyed by that illusion, driven out of one of the most powerful countries by it’s own misunderstanding of economics. Seeing the only value as coming from Gold (and silver) is known as Bullionism, and it’s like believing in the miasma theory of diseases, they where practiced at the same time, to the same results.
Many.
*It’s called the dollar because of the Thollar family, which was a rich family that used paper as receipts for things… The receipts would be passed around as “Thollar receipts”… The crazy ability of English speaking people slowly turned it into dollar… Which is why other countries use the name Dollar…