The above is problematic from a basic level of measuring, is right.
But basically time exists not a measure of some thing, and it is superfluous to claim that the sundial measures the circumference of the earth as it revolves around the sun in 24 hours.
Time is am arbitrary calculation , for before the planetary system’s genesis. other beings may have measured from other revolving systems.
The universal measurement of time does depend On C squared, where the relativeness of it is implied to change duration, as masses which participate change the the length is variable
In that sense relatively inclusive lengths determine each other.
While austronauts’span of time changes, within the relative space between the velocity of the spaceship relative to that existing between the ship and against that of the projected destination, that inclusive space is superimposed upon by the velocity of the planetary system as it moves with respect to other cosmological movements, including the largest theoretical relativity between our cosmos and others, in a sea of similar universes.
( If you go along with that interpretation)
The idea of levels and levels of universes ad-infinitum can boggle the mind, to veer out of the forum’s intent, but then maybe there is probability that the idea of an absolute universe can exist, after all
I may not totally understand the philosophical underneath assumptions of the mathematical and logical presumptions, but neither do those models have absolute bearing.
If space time is curved in an absolute sense, it still could comply to the requirements of an infinite universe.But another view may merely eliminite finite and infinite bounderies as determinates, like the ancients used to with their early model of an infinite structure consisting of turtles laying on one another’s back.
The idea of nothingness with no consisting energy or matter may collapse , and perhaps this accounts for boundaries to form on a state where the cosmos is collapsing , as in red giants collapse into black holes. The giant central black hole may create an equally growing nothingness where boundaries may be formed with other galaxies, but before this happens, the curveture may create different lAyers of bubbles of time.
In essence, there may be no time and all of it condenses toward the instantenious point, where all cosmos with incredible frequency breathe in and out, so as to create the perfect foundation.
With this incredibly naive interpretation I rest my case.
Just a thought.
When philosophers talk of bubbles and physicists of foam, that is what they also are trying to correlate.