Faust wrote: What does it mean to grapple existentially? You seem to be saying that moral judgements cannot be generalized. They certainly can, but one can go too far with that. But no amount of generalization produces an absolute truth. Generalization is something we can do, but not something the world does.
Again, to make an argument/assessment like this more clearly understood, we need to focus in on a actual context. What moral judgments regarding what conflicting goods? The truth about what in particular?
There are things in our lives that we don't grapple with. Things able to easily be demonstrated as essentially true for all of us. Let's call this the either/or world.
For example, the state of Texas executes death row prisoners. Is the fact of this something that generates heated discussions? Or here are the facts the facts? Of course: the facts speak for themselves.
Instead, I consture people "grappling existentially" when the discussion shifts to the morality of capital punishment. Why? Two reasons:
1] "I" here is largely an existential contraption. So much of what we come to believe is right and wrong is rooted in the actual trajectory of our lived experiences.
2] there are reasonable arguments able to be made by those from both ends of the political spectrum. There does not appear to be a way for "serious philosophers" to concoct something in the way of a deontological obligation here on the part of all rational human beings.
So, what particular moral judgements can be generalized here in what particular context? Regarding, say, the next prisoner to be executed in Texas. What facts can we all agree on here....facts that are likely to come as close as mere mortals are able to get to the "absolute truth". In a No God world.
Faust wrote: The laws of nature are just as human as any other idea. There are no objective empirical facts, because the idea of objectivity is a stupidity. What would an objective fact be? Something we observe with our human senses or identify with our human brains?
Sure, until we are able to grasp ontologically [teleologically?] a complete understanding of existence itself, who is really able to say what an objective fact is. But human brains are able to grasp cognitively the reality of executions in Texas and any number of folks can attest to what their senses encompassed while witnessing them.
Again, this appears to be as close to the objective truth as mere mortals are likely to get. And, of course, we have to live with that. Just as we have to take our existential leap to autonomy or determinism even regarding this exchange itself.
Faust wrote: "Principles of validity" which means rules of logic or it doesn't mean anything, do not crumble. These are simply a method to remain consistent in our claims. Those claims take a certain form and it is this form that "validity" applies to. The validity is baked into the language cake. They concern what we can say and cannot say, that is all. The world at large has no effect on them, nor the other way 'round. It's just language. Logic is relevant to a certain kind of human actions - claims to truth. Nothing else. It's pretty simple.
Ever and always up on the skyhooks. Imagine taking this "general description" assessment to folks outside the Huntsville Unit when a particularly newsworthy execution is about to take place. Imagine their reaction to it. One of them looks at you and says, "so that's what serious philosophy is!"
So, in my view, what becomes most crucial here is drawing the line [in particular contexts] between that which logic appears most applicable to and that which it appears to be least applicable to when the language being communicated confronts conflicted goods embedded in issues like capital punishment.
Faust wrote: Objectivists, if I understand the term, are merely lost in the shadow of the Ontological Argument, are merely making an appeal to authority.
Indeed. And that authority is either God, political ideology, Reason [deontological intellectual contraptions] or assessments of Nature.
Faust wrote: "to know objective values" makes no sense. To make that claim, to know objective anything, is neither true nor false. It is not a claim at all. It's nonsense. The term "Objective truth" is likewise nonsense. No one would know an "objective truth" if it bit them in the ass. What form would this truth take and how would we know?
Nonsense or not what doesn't go away is the fact that, if we choose to interact with others socially, politically and economically, we need to establish rules of behavior that come as close as we possibly can to one or another rendition of the objective truth.
Just watch the news from day to day. This happens all the time. After all, is there actually a recourse?
On the news though we bump into those that I construe to be objectivists all the time. Their own moral and political narratives are deemed to be just one more manifestation of the either/or world.
Faust wrote: "Truth" is the most abused word in philosophy. Everyone knows what it means, until they read a philosopher. When they stop reading, they know again. That should tell philosophers something.
Sigh...
What truth regarding what interactions in what particular context? All we can do as mere mortals in a [presumed] No God world is to grapple with all that we think we know about the truth there and then deal with those who insist that what they think they know is actually the truth instead.
Then [politically] it's one or another combination of might makes right, right make might or moderation, negotiation and compromise.