Prismatic567 wrote:Gloominary wrote:In determining what is good, we don't always have the time and energy to carefully weigh situations out, sometimes we need to rely on our intuition.
This is why I do not agree with Consequentialism as a complete and holistic Moral and Ethical theory.
Consequentialism often use the casuistry approach, e.g. the Trolley Dilemma.
In real life, there are infinite possibilities thus it is impossible to improve one Moral and Ethical state to cover all the effective solutions for all possibilities and scenarios.
We can carefully consider as many meaningful responses to a situation, and their potential ramifications as we can, before taking action, and leave the rest to improvisation, intuition and chance.
We can also develop guidelines: A action generally leads to a preferable outcome when executed by B people in C situations.
Of course no two actions, people or situations are exactly the same, but similar actions taken by similar people in similar situations tend to have similar outcomes.
This is why I advocated a holistic and complete Framework and System of Morality and Ethics to encompass consequentialism together with other necessary sub-systems.
I agree, consequentialism alone seems insufficient.
Results are only part of what makes actions good, bad, right and wrong.
The actions or behaviors themselves are also part of what makes them good/bad.
I think honesty, reciprocity and noncoercion are intrinsically good, and generally extrinsically good, as well as whatever thoughts and feelings are conducive to such behaviors.
And then there's the matter of what consequences and for whom?
For me, rather than focusing solely on happiness ala utilitarianism, I believe in maximizing the chances of survival in an optimal state of physical and mental health (happiness being just one aspect of emotional health among many) for as many people as possible, especially for me, my kith and (extended) kin, and especially for those among my kith and kin who can give something back to our community.
Near perfect safety and health are difficult to attain and maintain, so it's enough we're relatively safe and in a fair state of health.
The difference between fair health and poor is greater than fair health and great.
In order to improve our odds of surviving in an optimal state of health, we ought to focus more on physical and mental needs than wants.
It's not that wants are bad, some are good in moderation, they're just definitionally secondary, and in many cases not worth the trouble, many wants are difficult to satisfy and come with too high a price.
We also ought to use more natural means of satisfying our needs than artificial.
Of course nature/artifice, like anything, can be thought of as a spectrum rather than binary, and it's impossible to completely dispense with artifice.
That being said, while not intrinsically bad, generally I think it's healthier for ourselves and the environment on which we depend to satisfy our needs more naturally if we can.
I think we've gone too far off the deep end with technology.
Conflict between the various goods, health, honesty, liberty, reciprocity...is unavoidable, and this is when figuring out which course of action to take becomes especially difficult.
In a complete and holistic Framework and System, one of the strategy is to reduce and prevent the possibilities of moral dilemma occurrences in the first place. If the minimal of dilemmas ever occur, then one would do the best based on one's developed competence and do not brood over whatever the consequences, while taking steps to prevent future occurrences.
Hm, I'm not sure if I've considered this point much, please elaborate if you're interested.
I know that if you reduce poverty, you reduce the need for some people to have to lie, cheat and steal.
Both reason and feelings are essential but they have to be in complementarity within a holistic and complete Framework and System of Morality and Ethics.
One point is within a complete system, we have to differentiate Morality as confined to pure reason dealing with absolute moral laws, while ethics deals with feelings and the practical world.
For me, reason can tell you more about what nouns (people, places and things) and their implications are, and knowing more about them will help us determine whether and when they're good, bad, somewhere in between, but ultimately it's feelings that tell you whether they're good or bad.
Morals and values are just more carefully assessed preferences we have.
Both reason and feelings are essential but they have to be in complementarity within a holistic and complete Framework and System of Morality and Ethics.
One point is within a complete system, we have to differentiate Morality as confined to pure reason dealing with absolute moral laws, while ethics deals with feelings and the practical world.
I'm not an absolutist, especially when it comes to morals and values.
My ethical framework is intended as more a guideline that works for me and perhaps some other people, rather than some kind of transcendent, metaphysical or natural law.