Is 1 = 0.999... ? Really?

Silhouette,

Like I stated about 10 posts ago in this thread…

Convergence theory is the theory that infinite sums converge. The “convergence” is ROUNDING (second grade math)

Rounding is not under any circumstance an equality.

Right, so it’s just a theory that I just accept?
You’ve said “what” it is.
You posted what you called “notes” a few posts ago in this thread - I read them over and over. I saw your mentions of convergence theory and I wasn’t clear of the exact steps of how it applies.
Can you not elaborate on “the theory that infinite sums converge” in a clearer way than before, with clearer explanations of exactly what’s changing between each step?

Yes.
Rounding is basic math and isn’t an equality…
I’m asking you to show more exact steps of how basic concepts such as rounding fit in with the potentially less basic operations that you’re applying to these equations, which certainly don’t so far equate in the standard way.
This is why they need further, clearer elaboration.

You don’t need to be defensive, I’m just asking an optional favour. You could just refuse, that’s fine.
If you want me to “man up and consider (your) argument is true”, I need to know very exactly and very clearly what it is. Are you able to communicate that?

Wow! Can I try that? Can I win a debate by ignoring someone on the ground that they’re “not going to win”?

Isn’t that what I said?

Sure, you retrace your steps to find out where you went wrong. But I don’t think anybody ever added up a bunch of 9s to find out it sums to 1. You couldn’t prove anything either way with that approach. Does it end in 1, or does it end in 1 minus an infinitesimal? Adding 9s 'til the end of time will only give you a headache.

I think the conclusion that 0.999… = 1 was reached by something like this: relativelyinteresting.com/d … y-equal-1/

If you want to go back and see where they went wrong, the full proof is right there for you to pick apart.

I’m not sure where “temporal abstraction” comes in, or even what that means. My guess is that you mean, at some point, we even have to go back to imagining adding a bunch of 9s together and rediscovering that it goes on forever. Not sure what that accomplishes since no one’s denying that in the first place. Like I said, we discover it once, and we remember. We can also define. Either one works.

Gib, I’m not always the nicest person. I often just say what I need to say.

When I saw that you were in a perpetual trap with Magnus and didn’t make the argument that an infinity divided by two doesn’t equal two infinities but rather 1/2 infinity and that no quantity has been added or subtracted, I assumed (probably correctly) that you’re not going to take the “lead” on this.

What I saw in the post that I replied to, was you still being perpetually entrapped by Magnus …

Arguments about infinity, if you’re not careful, can go in forever!

Silhouette,

I’ve been yelled at my whole life, I’m always defensive. “You’re not good enough, you’re not smart enough, this piece of lint on the floor is worth more than you”. That’s not only how I grew up, that’s how I still live.

We agree that 0.999… is infinitely regressive.

We agree that 1 is not infinitely regressive.

“Convergence theory” ( and maybe that’s my own term - I forget) is self explanatory, it’s the theory that infinite sums converge to non infinite sums.

Show you an example ?? I just did with 0.999… and 1. The topic of the thread.

Why do you think that people don’t understand this?

I already explained what it means to say that an infinite sum approaches but never attains certain value.

We speak of time with regard to infinite sums out of convenience, not because infinite sums have temporal dimension (they don’t.)

The two lines are identical in some ways but not all. They are identical in the sense that 1) they are both infinite/endless and 2) they both contain no gaps. But they are not equal in terms of size.

If you take (\bullet \bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots) and take every odd inch out, you get (\circ \bullet \circ \bullet \cdots). In order to make the resulting line equal to the original line in terms of size, you have to fill every gap. Not merely push it out, but fill it. The above doesn’t do this. The above merely splits the line into two halves, (\bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots) and (\circ \circ \circ \cdots).

Take the original line (\bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots) and split it into two equally-sized lines by removing every second inch from it. The result is (\bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots\ + \bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots). Compare that to the result that you get when you take (\circ \bullet \circ \bullet \cdots) and split it into two halves. What do you get? You get the following:

(\bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots + \bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots \neq \bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots + \circ \circ \circ \cdots)

It’s the same thing. The gaps aren’t filled, they are merely pushed out.

If you have an infinite number of points and remove every odd point from it, it is a logical contradiction to say that the resulting line is the same line. That tells you that, unless you add new points to the resulting line, the two lines can’t be equal. You don’t have to go any further than this. You don’t just ignore logic. But that’s precisely what you’re doing.

You didn’t fill the gaps. You merely pushed them out.

I do respond to your counter-arguments, even though I don’t really have to.

On the other hand, you never pointed a flaw in my argument. You never said “This is the flaw of your argument!” And if you did something similar, you never explained why it’s a flaw.

What you do is what everyone else (Ecmandu, Silhouette, Phyllo, Carleas, etc) does: you merely present your own independent arguments.

You want all of the attention for yourself. And when you don’t get the amount of attention that you want, you accuse the other of ignoring you.

Magnus already debunked those methods in this thread.

Magnus,

To claim victory, you have to actually address the actual argument.

Honestly, I know this thread has moved fast lately, but if you read the last two pages, and had any intellectual integrity, you’d notice that my arguments in particular are crushing, and you would have addressed them head on.

I consider this you conceding the debate; throwing the towel in

I suppose what you want to say is that the red rectangle is 9 rows higher than the green one. That’s true. Why didn’t I mention that? Because it was unnecessary to do so. You’re implying that it was but without bothering to explain why.

Here’s an updated image:

Compare the purple rectangle with the green one. They are equal in height but they differ in width. The purple rectangle has one term less than the green rectangle.

Perhaps you want to argue that the red rectangle and the purple rectangle do not represent the same value? If so, explain why.

But honestly, I don’t really think you found a flaw. You’re merely posturing.

What do you mean when you say “infinities are undefined”? What does that mean? As far as I know, the concept of infinity is well defined. It means “endless”.

The red rectangle is (10) times the green rectangle without the first term (which is (0.9)).

They don’t. That’s the point.

That would be you.

Remember, you need to show me the flaw. Where’s the flaw? Show it.

Sure, you’re a good-natured person. You have no flaws. Other people do, even though you can’t point them out (:

Maybe you should listen to your own advice.

That’s exactly what you have to do. And it’s not merely a supeficial appearance. Doesn’t matter how many times you say it.

The point is that if (0.\dot9) in (9.\dot9) and (0.\dot9) on its own have the same infinite number of non-zero terms (or non-zero digits, in plain terms) then (9.\dot9 \div 10) doesn’t give you (0.\dot9). Why is this so? Because (9.\dot9) has all of the non-zero digits (or terms) that (0.\dot9) has + one more (which is the (9) that comes before the decimal point.) So when you divide it by (10), and shift all of the digits to the right, you don’t get (0.\dot9), because the result has one non-zero term (or digit) more than (0.\dot9) does.

Don’t be silly.

Not all of it.

And that means exactly what? What does “contradictions presented by the intrinsically indefinite nature of infinity” mean?

All in all, you have no arguments. Around 80% of your post has nothing to do with pointing out flaws in other people’s arguments and everything to do with your frustration and vanity.

Magnus,

I’m actually getting pissed at you.

I’m not even going to ask you if an infinite orange exists (and how absurd that is - even though you say all infinities can be quantified! - let alone 2 infinite oranges!!)

I’m going to approach your fucking “dot argument”

If you take an infinite set and you remove every other quantity… you state that this makes 2 infinities!!

ACTUALLY!!! It makes (2) 1/2 infinities!!! Nothing was added or subtracted!!!

Answer me this!!

Because in not replying to messages that address your points, and then repeating the same shit, I’m starting to think you’re a troll to your own sentences!

If we take an infinite sequence of oranges (which you seem to be fan of) and remove every other, we get two smaller infinite sets of oranges. The resulting infinite sets are half the size the original infinite set.

Basically, (\infty = 2 \times \frac{\infty}{2}) where (\infty) represents the same infinite quantity wherever it occurs.

What exactly is your argument?

What do you mean “nothing was added or subtracted”?

Finally, you addressed me on this, thank you!

The issue is this:

Let’s say I have “1”

Let’s say I divide “1” in half.

As far as “1” is concerned, nothing was added or subtracted!!! 1/2+1/2 still equals 1!

You can’t then say “well now there are (2) “1’s”, which is exactly what you’re doing!

No!, even using your logic that infinity CAN be quantified, I can disprove you, by merely asserting that nothing can be added or subtracted to the initial infinity.

Let’s look at this with subtraction:

You say that infinity minus one has changed the nature of the infinity: not true.

Just like 1/2 infinity doesn’t make 2 infinities, 1 minus infinity doesn’t make 2 quantities.

Man, I hope you understood that!

You have an orange. You use a knife and cut it into two halves. What do you have now? You don’t have two oranges, you have two halves.

The same applies to infinite sets. You have an infinite set e.g. an infinitely divisible orange. You use a knife and cut it into two halves. What do you have? You don’t have two infinite sets that are the same size as the original set, you have two infinite sets of smaller size.

Exactly, you left a part out though…

Yes, you have (2) HALVES!!

But! You also STILL have 1 orange!

You haven’t actually DOUBLED anything!

You’ve HALVED something that’s still there.

We didn’t double anything because we weren’t multiplying by 2 but dividing by 2.

What’s your point?

My point is that if there is a highest order of infinity, everything is a fraction and doubling or even adding is impossible

Since there seems to be a lull right now, I’m going to clarify this:

The highest order of infinity is my cheat:

1.) rational number
2.) uncounted number
3.) different rational number
4.) different uncounted number

Etc…

If you “ divide” it in half, you’ve divided NOTHING from the TOTAL system!

If you subtract one element from it, you’ve subtracted NOTHING from the TOTAL system!

You cannot add to it (my cheat), because my cheat is the highest order infinity.

No matter how many times you divide an infinite orange, the infinite orange still exists in the form of all its pieces, you’ve divided nothing! It’s still all there.

Ecmandu

Nonsense! You’re building zombie universes to save us all!

Hey, I still gotta few tricks up my sleeve.

Am I entrapped by Magnus… or is he entrapped by me? BWAHAHAHA!!!

Uh, er… oh, I get it! :smiley:

Magnus,

Idunno man, the argument they’re trying to make kinda hinges on their not understanding it… but I am admittedly speculating.

With the exception of your statement that any of the partial sums is equivalent to (0.\dot9), this makes good sense. But that statement is the catch. I assume that by “partial sum” you mean a finite number of terms, which–by definition–cannot be equivalent to (0.\dot9). And no, you don’t get to carry a fact about the partial sums over to the full sum.

Glad you understand that, but most equalist deniers’ argument seems to hinge on temprality. So what did you mean by “approaches” (remember, you said it was the same as “builds up to”)?

Well, we come back to the crux of my issue. I need to understand what you mean by “size”.

Honestly, I had to read that several times over to get what you’re saying. But I think I get the gist. I think your argument revolves around the answer to this question: “But then what’s at the end of the other line? More line?” You seem to be saying, with respect to the first line, yes, there’s more line at the end of the line (that’s this: (\bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots + \bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots)). And with respect to the second line, no, there’s just gaps (because they got pushed here).

But I wonder how you arrive at that answer: yes, there’s more line. I think we can both agree that, initially, both lines are infinite, that they don’t have an end. But if we are gonna talk about the infinite distance to which each line extends as the line’s “end”, we have to say: that’s where the lines end. The line’s “end” is, after all, just a metaphor for the infinity that results from the line not having an end. So as far as the metaphor goes, the line’s “end” is where the line terminates–at infinity, so to speak–but as far as the literal facts go, there is no end. In either case, your diagram ((\bullet \bullet \bullet \cdots + \bullet \bullet \bullet)) is a poor representation.

A better argument might have been that it would take an eternity for the gaps to reach the line’s end, so the operation of filling all the gaps can’t actually be done. That’s why I brought up the point about taking turns vs. simultaneous movement, to which you said:

In what sense are they pushed out in this scenario? We could talk about the points being pushed out in the previous scenario because there was the illusion of an ever growing gap moving along the line towards infinity (at infinity, it gets “pushed out”). But in this scenario, the illusion is different. If we imagine that the second point moves twice as fast as the first, then they both start moving and end moving at the same time. Same if we imagine the third point moving three times as fast as the first, and the fourth point four times as fast, and so on. The illusion that arises from this is that of each gap, begining as 1 point wide, all closing at the same rate, and all moving towards the front of the line (not the end way off at infinity). The first gap doesn’t move (because it’s at the front of the line already), the second gap moves as fast as the first point (because it’s bound at one end by it), the third gap as fast as the second point, the fourth gap as fast as the third point, and so on. They all converge to the front of the line and vanish before they get there. ← So in what sense do the gaps get “pushed out”?

All this notwithstanding, I still don’t understand your definition of “shorter” and “longer”. I said that your answer to my question about what the difference between the lines is would explain your definitions, so if we put a pin in the above disagreements for a sec, I guess I can conclude that the difference, you’re saying, is that the first line has “more line” at the end whereas the second just has “gap”. So what it would mean for the second line to be “shorter” is something much like what it means in the conventional sense–that the line terminates before the other line (which you denied, btw)–but this termination is an infinite distance away. The other line, on the other hand, continues on at infinity… to… what?.. second infinity?

I’d have to presume that this was true of the second line before we removed the points, and when we moved the remaining points to fill the gaps, they were shifted from second infinity to the first, thereby leaving nothing but gap. But what about third infinity? Would the points in third infinity come rushing in to fill the gap in second infinity? Or is second infinity where the lines really end? :smiley:

In any case, the lines definitely look the same in first infinity.

Um… Wow! You literally just reiterated your point and completely ignored my question. Yeah, the lines would be different if you just removed every odd point and left it at that. D’Uh! You’d have gaps all through it. It would be like swiss cheese. But I’ll ask again very slowly… what… happened… to… the… step… of… moving… the… remaining… points… to… fill… the… gaps…[question mark]. ← I love how you construe this (necessary) step as “going further” and saying there’s no need for it. Obviously, if you think this results in a contradiction, then maaaybe there was a need for it after all. Think about it, Mags, think about it.

Honestly, I don’t see the difference.

Yes, that’s why I said “which granted, you are”. But when you don’t, you’re just reiterating your initial argument. You’re like this guy:

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xgx4k83zzc[/youtube]

Look, Magpie, we’ve both been addressing each other’s points, leveling counter-arguments, pointing out each other’s flaws, but of course, neither of us wants to agree with the other or concede that the other is making some valid points. But only one of us is confusing that for a lack of addressing points, leveling counter-arguments, and pointing out of flaws. If I point to a flaw in your argument, and you disagree with me, that doesn’t mean I haven’t pointed out any flaws, it just means it wasn’t a decisive blow to your argument (or to your persistence in the argument).

I wasn’t loved enough as child. :crying-green:

Oh, well then by all means, let’s all stand down and put this thread to rest. :smiley:

Ahh… gib, zombie universes are so last year!

I’m doing hyper dimensional mirror realities now.

You know, it’s funny, I put my whole soul on the line for this!

I have no choice (if you knew what I knew, you’d have no choice either) so it’s not nor should be seen as a sacrifice.

But man, the spirits you dredge up out of existence doing this line of work would scare the shit out of anyone!

Let me expand upon this.

The two lines look completely identical but they aren’t truly completely identical. They are identical in some ways. They are identical in the sense that they are both infinite/endless and in the sense that they have no gaps (they are made out of the same elements.) But they are not equal in size.

(A = {1, 2, 3, …}) and (B = {1, 2, 3, …}) are two identical sets in the sense that they are both infinite/endless and that they both have the same elements (every element present in (A) is also present in (B) and vice versa.) But they are not necessarily equal in size.

Given any two infinite sets, you cannot determine whether they are equal in size or not by looking at their elements.

Even though (A) and (B) have the same exact elements, you can say that (A) is twice the size of (B). There is nothing wrong with that. This can be easily represented using the following relation (A \mapsto B):

$$
1 \mapsto 1 \
3 \mapsto 2 \
5 \mapsto 3 \
\cdots
$$

Every member of (B) is associated with exactly one element from (A) but the reverse is not true – there are members of (A) that are not associated with any element from (B). So (A) has more elements than (B).

You can think of it as if (A) is made out of two infinite sets the same size as (B) with one containing even numbers and the other odd numbers.

Once you start performing operations on these sets, you must remain consistent. You can’t double the size of (B) and then say it’s the same size as before. That’s nonsense.