Fear

You humans are an interesting specie.

The average person is ignorant of his or her own fear. Fear and its antithesis, hope, represent the difference between dark and light, negative and positive. It is the same linear measurement and opposition. The average person has many, many fears. And this particular exposition will remark the fear humans have of each other. Humans fear strangers. But humans also fear their own kind, race, relatives, and family, by degree. People trust each other by degree. Trust represents hope, or faith. People put faith in each other, comprising the ingredient of social relations. The more a group of people trust each other, the more exclusive they become. Groups tend to form based on physical similarities first, people immediately identify traits such as height, weight, skin color, hair color, eye color, and more, when meeting a stranger. People perceive some people as more or less of a threat than others.

All of this represents a judgment which can be flawed and mistaken. People misjudge each other, based on fear. Many fears are unfounded, but then, many are rationale, legitimate, and justified. Why don’t more people attack and murder each other? If murder were legal, then would the rate increase? The answer is yes, more people would murder each other, and then use any law or protection to prevent retaliation, revenge, and justice. Revenge is the essence of justice.

Laws and morals prevent people from killing each other seemingly randomly or hastily. Without such laws and morals in place, a society would quickly descend or revert to anarchy. Anarchy is a more natural, or most natural state of existence. Laws and morals are artificial, human made and human enforced. People uphold such laws and morals through tradition. If traditions break down, then laws will break down, and so too will morality weaken. People will begin to fear each other more, attack and murder each other as well.

The oldest fears do not disappear. They don’t magically evaporate. Instead, people suppress these fears everyday, every week, every year of their lives. People try to hide fear, but cannot hide from a superior intelligence. Intelligence is made to detect and expose such emotions and their derivative thoughts. Emotion is primary. Thought is secondary. Every thought, ever thought, by every evolved intelligence, is an immediate or indirect reflection of an underlying emotion. A hierarchy forms, from baseness and hardness, to transcendence and etherealness. It’s the difference between hardness of stone and earth, compared to its opposite, weightless fire and plasma. Something versus nothing.

Emotions are hard, thoughts are soft. Fear and hope are hard, their derived affects are soft.

It is quite simple to predict how a person will act and react, based on fear and hope. If a person views a stranger as too threatening, then a predictable set of emotional and thought reactions will occur. This is the instinctive, reflexive, fight or flight or freeze syndrome. Freezing is fear. Fighting or flying both represent forms of hope. To fight against fear represents a hope of anger, and overpowering the threat. To fly against fear represents a hope of joy, to dodge, escape, and evade the attacks of another. Freezing in place is an evolved, automatic reaction, also known as “playing dead” or faking death. Thought is also a form of freezing. To rationalize and think about the world, is the reaction to fear, fear of the unknown.

Since humans only know a limited amount of existence and the universe, ignorance is always a representation of fear. Humans fear the unknown. And so, humans cannot do otherwise. The most basic reaction to fear of unknowns is learning. If an organism can learn, then it will acquire new information and data, knowledge, in order to quell a preexisting fear. Some organisms can learn much quicker, faster, more efficiently than others. Some organisms are deficient at learning, and so have an evolutionary handicap. This can be called “devolution” or regression of intelligence, a slowness and delayed type of brain. As such, degrees of intelligence will separate higher and lower functioning brains of a specie. Some organisms are much more intelligent than others. This intelligence is predicated on the ability to learn. The very ability to learn, may reflect the very essence of smart versus stupid. To be smart, is to be superior at learning. And learning is quite simple to describe. Learning is the ability to overcome repetitious problems or new, original problems. A smart entity would not make the same mistake over and over and over again. And a smart entity would solve new, unforeseen, unexpected problems much quicker and efficiently than stupider entities.

The unknown, ignorance, limitations to human knowledge, all represent fear as the underlying, primary, motivational force. A fear occurs on the most primal level, below consciousness, in the unconscious realm, and organisms react to this internal stimulation. Fear always represents the unknown, unknown to both consciousness and intelligence. It is not only a factor of what is unknown to the senses, what a person can see, feel, hear, or touch immediately, but also a factor of intelligence. What is known or unknown to rationalization, reason, and imagination?

When all unknown factors align, then that is the essence of fear. Darkness, negativity, deprived of senses, deprived of logic, deprived of everything, deprived of life. But even from such a nullified state, learning can and does occur. Because it is only within the greatest ignorance that a greatest drive, will, need, and wanting to learn, can and does occur. To learn, is to react to fear. And to learn, represents all human thoughts. To think, is to already have learned something in the past. To have thoughts, is to have learned. A history is already set and precedent. Learning is discovery and illumination of the unknown, the hope and faith catharsis to fear.

Humans hope that you can learn something about existence, outside of yourself, and outside of your already known, self convinced, self evident facts.

You hope that your knowledge can grow, when sometimes, it cannot. Isn’t it possible to reach the limit of your knowledge? Isn’t it possible to choose to end learning, to ignore the world instead of to know the world?

What have you chosen for yourself, ignorance or knowledge? The answer is obvious.

You humans?

Hello, (Machine) Project, I have answered your question here!

The Perception of Hope and Threat, PHT.
But to predict their behavior, and thus control it, one must know their perception and control it (The Matrix).

Very simply put: fear=the apprehension of the unknown. It is an X element, untangible, uncontrollable, unmanagable. Once we can wrap our brains around it, fear looses it’s iron grip. Agreements between unknown forms of disagreement, would follow. Then it is the force to adhere to agremments which is needed by allparties to the agreement.

I think fear is rather the apprehension of a possible suffering. Pleasure is a forgetfulness of the prospect of that suffering.

"In innocence, we do not fear the dark

Light = darkness - fear" (XV)

Agree with both your definitions.
What is contentment?

I would put forward that humans do not fear the unknown.
Hope is a positive emotion and is also based on the unknown.
Humans fear or hope in dependence on what they anticipate when confronted with the unknown.
If they anticipate painful situations then they may develop fear.
If they anticipate pleasurable situations then they may develop hope.
Ultimately, it also depends on the level of control a person thinks they have over their own destiny.
Fear generally occurs when a painful situation is anticipated and where one has no ability to control or influence the outcome (for the better).

Yes but more generally, hope and and pleasure and pain are related with fear. Hope is a thought of something pleasurable to occur, and fear is a feeling, rather of the thought that it may not. It is painful to doubt if such pleasure will not occur, and that thought creates the pain of doubt.

So all these thoughts and feelings over the hope of doubt of pleasure to occur or not, are somewhat fearful. However, even if such doubt occurs, even then it is not con joined by a feeling of pain, because the absence of pleasure is not painful, in it’s self, pain ,because pleasure and pain are not inversely effected.

Pleasure and pain are not opposites, there are measures of both within each other, any situation creates a melange of both. There are no absolute pain or pleasure situations, only the element of one within the other.

The lack of control over the element of pain within pleasure, is fearful. And that control which is caused by the unknown affectance of control is the most fearful.

I do not distinguish between thoughts and feelings as they are both functions of the mind.
One creates and the other experiences - but still functions of the mind.

Agree, possibly a better choice of word as it gives greater depth and clarity to the concept.

Building on the agreement, Id propose it is the relative certainty of more pleasure than pain in the foreseeable future.

Evaluation of pain and pleasure does not go deep enough. What is the root of pain and pleasure? The root of all pain and suffering is death. The root of all pleasure is sex, reproduction, and the reaffirmation of life. Pain is dying. Pleasure is living. Contentment is balance between pain and pleasure, neither dying nor living, but merely being.

Hope is built on the known. Because what is first known, is whatever possible to imagine. If you can imagine something, then it is possible, and then it can be known to a varying degree. The knowability of an idea is its realness or apparent nature. Something easily reproduced to the senses is deemed realer than something difficultly reproduced. This is why people disbelieve in gods and deities. The more extreme credence owed to an item, the more people demand the thing be produced to the senses, to see, observe, feel, and know.

The ultimate unknown is death, to which all fear is rooted. Every organism, especially the conscious nature of human intellect, fears death precisely because it is the greatest unknown. What is life? What happens when humans die? What is consciousness? These are the necessary questions. People yearn for life after death, because they fear non existence, or losing consciousness forever. The average human necessarily correlates consciousness to life, even when such a connection is causally false. Is consciousness the epitome of life? Are there degrees of consciousness? How is consciousness different than intellect or imagination?

The imagination may exist as the necessary reaction to the idea of death, the idea of an organism to never be conscious again. You may slip into a coma, tonight, and never wake up. Or, perhaps, your consciousness is hijacked by a religious cult, brainwashed, or mechanically controlled by a slave inducing hat. You lose control of yourself. Your life is no longer your own. You lose control of your life. People make similar claims about drugs. A drug can control peoples lives via addiction. The possibility of losing consciousness, forever, leads to the primal and instinctive fear response. The most powerful fear of life, is something or somebody who threatens to either destroy you completely, or relieves you of your consciousness. To become a slave, is similar or the same as, losing consciousness.

People want to imagine a life beyond death, that, time is unlimited for humanity, when it may not be so. If time is limited, and consciousness is limited, then life is limited. The imagination defies this natural principle. The imagination exists immaterially. The imagination wants to look beyond the material, beyond your single lifetime. You imagine if you had—more time. You imagine if you had a longer consciousness. Your imagination is the stretching of your consciousness. An evolved, intelligent animal, a human, wants to experience more life than he or she is granted.

Imagination is the truest appreciation of the time humans have to live.

Imagination is the most powerful defiance against that instinctive and primal fear response.

Imagination is defiance against death.

Joy, and thus perceived hope, is the inner perception of progress or improvement concerning a perceived goal. Fear, and thus perceived threat, is the opposite.

Within this context,
Fear = perceived painful situations (physical and or psychological pain).
Anxiety = fruitless fear

How are threats perceived and determined?

Calculated through sensed suspicions and probabilities related to instinctive preferences (desire and discomfort).

And often combined with a misunderstanding of the nature of cause and effect (linking the wrong cause with an effect).
For example; I felt pain many time when X was present, thus, the cause of my pain is X. As a result, I develop fear of X.

Yes, humans misidentify causes of pain and harm, based on misinformation and errors of judgment.

Humans are even unable to diagnose the causes of simple illnesses.