To find a starting proof, we might do well to look at how memory loss effects affective memory:
Simply put, those memories with high affective (layman’s: emotional) value are often much harder to forget, even when a physical or psychological trauma takes hold of the brain.
The importance of this? It gives a clear motive for a physiological tract of exploration.
From here, we can take a hop skip and a jump and look at -what- people remember, when looking at old, affective memories:
They remember the smell of a flower. The look of a person’s eyes. The soft touch of lips.
Not a full memory by any standard. Instead, it is physiological responses and affective ties to those responses. From this, we gain a starting idea of the pyramid mapping system’s most basic tiers.
Memory (M) Equals:
Root (R1): Sensory Information
Root (R2): Affective Information
M
/
R1 R2
What does this have to do with how things randomly spring to mind when we get new stimuli? It grants us the basic notion of process and storing. The missing link, of course, is /recovery/.
Recovery of a memory, or of memories, is triggered much like a search function on one of them-there-newfangled-computer-thingies. It works with a portion to find a whole. The smell of flowers brings back the memory of a loved one. The sound of children crying returns a memory of childhood rape, etc, etc.
Take those with my initial notion of motive. As evolutionary beings, we evolve randomly, but useful evolutionary steps generally stay. This in mind, we can see the idea forming that an evolutionary need for quick recall (say…when figuring out how to deal with a tiger or bear in close vacinity). This would facilitate such physiological shortcuts of overmapping, which we can see in other aspects of our physiology (see: eastern pressure point use).
So, this horribly long-winded stream-of-consciousness coming to an end, I would assume that:
1.) Yes, neural pathways may very well carry multiple types of information to and from the brain, and
1-A.) that may indeed allow for spontanious or involuntary memory / affective return when new stimuli are presented.
and,
2.) This method of memory storage and retrieval could quite definitely cause huge changes in personal and interpersonal connection — and often does. The small becomes the large, and a portion of a similar small can recall and mis-assign the large. Psychological shortcuts do that, from time to time.