In having a conversation with a doctor in physics, I was made aware of the latest novelty in physics: quantum extremal islands. They have to do with identifying information about an island of quantum states by knowing information about a separate one composed of entangled states by knowing a gravity constant that affects both. I was as confused as you, so I did a little research on modern theoretical physics to better understand.
We used to understand a paradigm of matter, energy and time. Einstein began a paradigm of all three as a single thing, described by E = MC(squared), where E is energy, M is mass and C is the speed of light. The reason speed of light is used for the equivalency of mass and energy is that it describes the limit of how fast a combination of the two can travel by interacting. So, in a sense, light provides the outline for energy-matter, a shape. And time is simply a measure of the interaction of matter and energy. OK. Then, quantum mechanics found that if you look at small enough things, you can observe faster movements. In theory, the movement has no need to be of matter or of energy because, indeed, it is so small and hard to see, that the truth is that we don’t know what it is. All we have is information of how instruments that are sensitive enough to detect things at such a small scale react when operated. So you can see how a new paradigm is probably needed.
Well, in the late 90’s one was chosen. Are you ready for this? The assumption physicists operate under is that the basic substance of the observable universe is information. Physicists no longer care what happens to energy or matter, they care about what happens to information. And they regard energy and matter, along with all else, as phenomenons produced by information.
The nihilism of this worries me greatly. Poor Einstein.
Operationally, sure, I can understand how information can be used as a provisional identification of the basic material of the world. Before we can know what is there, if we treat it as simple information, it allows us to calculate information that correctly interprets the readings we get and the mathematical consequences of some of the theories we know accurately describe the material world. But to actually propose it as a thing, that the world is made of, is on its face absurd.
What happens is this. There is a world. We have thoughts about the world. After a certain point, even though they accurately describe what it does, our thoughts fail to tell us what the world is, so we say the world is made of thoughts. As if the original thing is the thoughts, not the world. Because we cannot see what the instrument measures, but we can see the instrument, we say the thing the instrument measures is made of instrument. Alors.
I don’t know if you all follow, this is terrible.