The concepts in Platoâs The Republic do not neatly map onto modern left-right politics, as the left-right spectrum originated during the French Revolution, long after ancient Greece. His concept of the Philosopher-King emphasises wisdom, virtue and elite rule for the common good. It critiques democracy as being susceptible to demagogues whose ideas are often considered aristocratic or anti-egalitarian rather than left-wing.
I tend to use the neo-mythical Lord of the Rings to illustrate the differences.
In this analogy, Platoâs Philosopher-King is a rare, rigorously educated guardian who understands the ultimate truth (the Form of the Good) and rules selflessly, free from personal ambition or desire for wealth. This hierarchical system divides society into producers, warriors and rulers, prioritising rational order over equality or popular will. Modern interpretations view this system as elitist or technocratic and incompatible with left-wing egalitarianism and democracyâs emphasis on broad participation.
While Tolkien drew on classical philosophy, including Plato, Aragorn embodies a more Christian ideal of a virtuous, reluctant king, aligning him with the concept of servant leadership rather than Platoâs strictly rational Philosopher-King. While fan discussions and analyses note Platonic echoes, such as portraying Aragorn as an âideal formâ of kingship, direct scholarly links emphasise Aristotelian virtues or Christ-like qualities over Platoâs philosophy.
Plato describes the tyrant as the endpoint of democracy: a lawless, desire-driven demagogue who seizes power amid chaos and lacks reason, oppressing others. This figure emerges from unchecked freedom, rather than from any specific modern ideology, such as right-wing authoritarianism. Platoâs sequence of aristocracy degenerating into timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and then tyranny, warns against extremes, regardless of left-right labels.
Philosophy predates the leftâright divide, which contrasts the equality-focused left (socialism and progressivism) with the hierarchy-focused right (conservatism and tradition). Platoâs anti-democratic elitism is closer to right-wing critiques of populism than to left-wing materialism or collectivism. Broadly labelling philosophy as âleft-wingâ ignores conservative thinkers such as Aristotle and modern right-leaning philosophers.
Sauron embodies absolute tyranny: a fallen Maia who seeks dominion via the One Ring by enslaving orcs and men through deception and terror, much like Platoâs desire-dominated despot. Saruman is similar too, a corrupted wizard who becomes power-hungry, betrays his allies, industrialises nature for control and falls to internal vice. Gollum embodies the tyrantâs soul: ring-enslaved, he murders his kin and is isolated in paranoia.
Your point about far-left and far-right materialism echoes the horseshoe theory, which states that extremes converge in authoritarianism and tactics such as suppressing dissent, unlike centrists. Platoâs tyrant fits this despotic pattern, but his Philosopher-King seeks transcendent wisdom rather than material equity, hardly âchampagne socialismâ, a term used to disparage affluent leftists who preach equality while being hypocritical.
Tolkien was profoundly anti-materialist, viewing unchecked materialism as a corrupting force that degrades beauty, nature and the human spirit. The One Ring epitomises material temptation: a physical artefact that promises mastery but enslaves the will. This mirrors the tyrant in Platoâs work, who is gripped by appetites. Characters like Gollum devolve into subhuman beings obsessed with âMy Preciousâ, while Bombadil, detached from power, embodies the joyful stewardship of the created order. In his letters, Tolkien critiqued modern âprogressâ, lamenting the triumph of machines over craftsmanship and the erosion of myth by scientism.
I believe that the so-called âTech-Brosâ are modern day smiths of âRings of Powerâ using programs like Palantir (a direct reference) and AI as means to gain absolute power. So, the left-right dichotomy seems to be a distraction and really we are talking about a top-down distinction. True resistance lies in decentralised wisdom, shunning the Ringâs allure.